Key terms for genetics Flashcards
Gene
Specific group of nucleotides of the DNA helix that carry a code for protein
Karyotype
picture of the chromosomes that are contained within the DNA of a species, Human karyotope as 23 pairs of chromosomes
mendelian genetics
inherited traits are passed from parents to offspring. Punnett square used to predict only single gene transmission. Used with autosomal dominant/recessive, and sex linked.
somatic cells
46 chromosomes formed through mitosis
gametes
23 chromosomes and called haploid cells formed through meiosis
homozygous
both alleles on each corresponding chromosome are the same
heterozygous
alleles on corresponding chromosome are NOT the same
teratogens
agents that may or may not cause mutations but can damage a developing fetus
phenotype
how the genetic traits manifest in the individual the actual physical, or somatic expression of the genotype. Ex.(hair color eye color height)
Genotype
the genetic makeup of a person (set of genes carried)
penetrance
ratio of how many people have the phenotype as compared to those that have the genotype (likeliness of getting that trait)
expressivity
a disorder that can be expressed by symptom severity variation of a phenotype. (VARIABILITY OR LEVEL OF THE TRAIT)
Multifactorial diseases
involvement of many genes and environment aspect.
Aneuploidy
abnormal number of chromosomes, a cell that does not contain 23 pairs of chromosomes
trisomy
three copies of one chromosome or gain of a chromosome
