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NUR 329 > Key Terms Exam 3 > Flashcards

Key Terms Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

System of interrelated abilities such as perception, reasoning, judgement, intuition, mood
- allows one to be aware of oneself in relation to others

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2
Q

Memory

A

Facet of cognition, retaining and recalling past experiences

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3
Q

Delirium

A

Acute, cog impairment, rapid onset, caused by medical condition

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4
Q

Dementia

A

Chronic cog impairment, slow onset, various causes

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5
Q

Sundowning

A

Tendency for an individuals mood to deteriorate and agitation to inc in the later part of the day, fading with light, or at night

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6
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of language ability

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7
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Cannot find words to express ideas
- Borca

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8
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

Cannot interpret what is said

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9
Q

Apraxia

A

Loss of purposeful movement

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10
Q

agnosia

A

Loss of ability to recognize objects

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11
Q

Confabulation

A

Unconscious creation of stories or answers in place of actual memories to help maintain self esteem

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12
Q

Preservation

A

Persistent repetition of a work, phrase, or gesture

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13
Q

Hyperorality

A

Tendency to put things in mouth to taste or chew

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14
Q

Acute stress disorder

A

occurs within the first month of an extreme exposure to trauma
- sx begin 3 days to 1 month

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15
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Excessive anxiety or fear about being in places or situation from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or where help might not be available
- feared places are avoided
- most severe and persistent phobia

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16
Q

Anxiety

A

Response to thoughts that bring up …
- apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, dread
—> from a real perceived threat (stressor)

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17
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

The emotions of the perceived threat/stressor remain even when it is now gone

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18
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

Preoccupation w one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others
- intrusive, unwanted, time-consuming, difficult to control

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19
Q

Compulsions

A

Repeated behaviors, ritualistic
- goal to prevent or relieve anxiety or distress
- repeated thoughts, activities, rituals

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20
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Automatic coping skills that protect people from anxiety
- help to maintain self image by blocking: feelings, conflicts, memories
- healthy and unhealthy
- no always apparent

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21
Q

Excoriation disorder

A

recurrent skin picking
- mostly face, arms, hands
- a way to deal with stress and anxiety

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22
Q

Exposure therapy

A
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23
Q

flooding

A

exposure to a large amount of an undesirable stimuli
- learn through prolonged exposure that survival is possible and anxiety will diminish

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24
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

anxiety for more than 6 months
- excessive and persistent worry

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25
Q

Hoarding disorder

A

persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their value
- results in significant distress or impairment

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26
Q

Mild anxiety

A

occurs in normal experience of everyday living, typically provides motivation for survival
- heightened perceptual filed
- ability to work towards a goal
- mild tension relieving behaviors

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27
Q

Moderate anxiety

A
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28
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

narrowed perceptual field, hear/see less of what is going on, less able to pay attention
- not able to solve problems optimally, can follow directions
- sympathetic nervous system –> voice tremors, shaking, inc HR

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29
Q

Obsession

A

unwanted, intrusive, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur so they they cannot be dismissed form the mind even when ind attempts
- not consistent with the ind self perception or usual thought pattern

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30
Q

panic

A

most extreme level of anxiety
- unable to process, focus is lost, disorganized and irrational thinking
- experience of terror, unintelligible communication or inability to speak

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31
Q

Panic disorder

A

chronic condition that has several exacerbations
- panic attacks, sudden onset of apprehension or fear
- impending doom
- anticipatory and avoidance

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32
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder

A

result of specific types of trauma
- direct experience, witness in person, learning about event
- results in re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal and reactivity, cognitive and mood

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33
Q

Separation anxiety disorder

A

normal part of infant development that can become inappropriate levels of concern over being separated
- sleep disturbances, nightmares, physical sx

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34
Q

Severe anxiety

A

greatly reduced perceptual field, focuses on details, attention scattered
- problem solving feels impossible, unable to see connections
- may be dazed and confused
- sense of impending doom, more intense somatic pains

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35
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

severe anxiety provoked by exposure to a social or a performance situation that could be evaluated negatively by others
- can worry for weeks or days

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36
Q

Specific phobia

A

persistent irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a desire for avoidance of that object, activity or situation
- provokes immediate fear or anxiety
- fear is out of proportion to actual danger

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37
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

gradual introduction to the feared object or experience through a series of steps
- taught to use relaxation techniques

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38
Q

trichotillomania

A

recurrent hair pulling from any region of the body
- pain from hair pulling reduces their anxiety
- unnoticed behavior until notice wad of hair

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39
Q

resiliency

A

ability to adapt to change or adversity
- inner strength, healthy coping strategies, able to reach out for support

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40
Q

play therapy

A

vehicle for change, expression of feelings, trust, relationship building
- cannot be standardized, used for younger children

41
Q

tic disorder

A

sudden nonrhythmic and rapid motor movements or vocalizations

42
Q

intellectual developmental disorder

A

deficits in intellectual, social, and daily functioning
- decrease IQ level

43
Q

autism disorder

A

deficits in social interactions and relationships
- stereotypical repetitive speech/behavior, obsessive focus on specific objects, over adherence to routines, rituals, problems with sensory input, resists change

44
Q

ADHD

A

Persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that is pervasive and inappropriate for developmental level
- at least 2 settings
- hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattentive, combined

45
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

Defiant, vindictive, irritable, angry
- can’t be told no
- exceed boundaries
- typically outgrow

46
Q

conduct disorder

A

Violation of basic rights of others, aggressive behavior towards people/animals, destruction of property
- basic rights of societal norms are repeatedly violated
- unmanageable, lack empathy, mad they got caught

47
Q

Adjustment disorder

A

Emotional or behavioral reaction within 3 months of exposure to stressor
- reaction is out of proportion
- symptoms end by 6 months
- ex: divorce, death, retirement

48
Q

Reactive attachment disorder

A

Child does not have healthy relationship with parent/s
- withdrawal, no response when comfort is given, watching others and not engaging, failure to reach out when picked up

49
Q

Disinhibited social engagement

A

Child inappropriately interacts with unfamiliar adults
- first 2 years of life
- reduced reservation, violates boundaries, doesn’t check back with caregiver, willing to with unfamiliar people

50
Q

Physical abuse

A

Infliction of physical pain or bodily harm

51
Q

Sexual abuse

A

Sexual contact or exposure without consent or incapable of giving consent

52
Q

Emotional abuse

A

Undermining someone’s self worth

53
Q

Economic abuse

A

Controlling a person’s access to economic resources making an individual financially dependent

54
Q

Neglect

A

Failure to provide physical, emotional, educational, and medical needs

55
Q

Crisis situation

A

Situation that puts stress on a family with a violent member
- lack of impulse control, problem-solving skills, healthy support system

56
Q

Perpetrator

A

Any member of a household who is violent toward another member

57
Q

Vulnerable person

A

Family member upon whom abuse is perpetrated

58
Q

Survivor (vs victim)

A

Recognizes the recovery and healing process that follows victimization and does not have a connotation of passivity

59
Q

Safety plan

A

A plan in place for when an escape is necessary (inc in aggression) such as a safe house, shelter that can provide resources

60
Q

Cycle of abuse

A

Repetition of three phases that occur during abuse
- inc chances of dec in calm stages, inc: intensity, depression, hopelessness, immobilization, self deprecation

61
Q

Tension building

A

Minor incidents such as pushing, shoving, verbal abuse
- victim reduces tension by ignoring, accepting, or excusing behavior out of fear (should have done this)
- abuses reduces tension by rationalizing behavior such as it was alc or drugs made me do it

62
Q

Acute battering

A

The tension peaks intense abuse results
- triggered by event of abuser’s emotional state
- “victim provokes”

63
Q

Honeymoon stage

A

Tension reduces
- abuser apologizes and is remorseful buying gifts, etc.
- victim is needed and loved again resulting in hopefulness, abandons legal plans

64
Q

Primary prevention

A

Measures taken to prevent the occurrence of abuse
- reducing stress and the influence of risk factors, inc social supports, coping skills, self esteem

65
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Early intervention in a suite situation
- screening programs for all at risk, medical treatment for injuries, coordination of community services

66
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Occurs in MH setting, nurse facilitates healing and rehabilitation
- counseling, support groups, assisting survivals, legal advocacy programs h

67
Q

Sexual assault

A

Unwanted sexual advances/harassment to rape

68
Q

Attempted rape

A

Threats of rape or intention to rape that is unsuccessful

69
Q

Completed rape

A

Penetration, no matter how slight of the vagina or anus with any body parts or object or oral penetration by a sex without consent

70
Q

Derealization

A

Feeling like the world is dreamlike, distant, distorted

71
Q

Depersonalization

A

Feeling like they are living in a dream

72
Q

Aggression

A

An auction or behavior that results in verbal or physical attack
- intended to threaten or injure the victim’s security, self esteem

73
Q

Anger

A

An emotional response to frustration of desires, a threat to one’s needs or a challenge
- an emotion that most have the ability to appropriately express

74
Q

Chemical restraint

A

Medication to restrict a client’s movement or behavior
- temporary sedation to restrict movement in case of potential harm
- doesn’t apply to single dosage for emergency management

75
Q

De-escalation techniques

A

Maintain positive self esteem and dignity
Calmness, calm clear voice
Assess pt and situation
Identify stressors, indicators
respond as early as possible
Invest time
Be honest
Determine what the patient needs
Avoid invading personal space esp in times of high anxiety
Avoid arguing
Give several clear options
Don’t take chances, maintain personal safety

76
Q

Physical restraints

A

Any manual method that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move arm, leg, body or head freely

77
Q

Precipitating factors

A
78
Q

seclusion

A

Involuntary confinement of a patient alone in a room or area from which the patient is physically prevented from leaving
- goal is SAFETY
- used for management of violent or self destructive behavior

79
Q

Violence

A

Objectionable act that involves intentional use of force that results in or has the potential to result in injury to another individual

80
Q

Medical mimics

A

Disorders that present with psychiatric six directly resulting from an underlying medical condition

81
Q

Diagnostic overshadowing

A

attributing sx of a physical illness to the mental illness

82
Q

Mental disorder due to another medical condition

A

Mental health symptoms that are secondary to a medical condition

83
Q

Substance/medication induced disorders

A

Mental health sx that are caused by substance abuse or medication (polypharm, intoxication, withdrawal)

84
Q

altruism

A

unconscious motivation to feel caring and concern for others
- compulsively resuce animals to their detriment

85
Q

compensation

A

used to counterbalance perceived deficiencies by emphasizing strengths
- drinks alc when self esteem is low

86
Q

conversion

A

unconscious transformation of anxiety into physical sx
- blind after trauma event

87
Q

denial

A

escaping unpleasant, anxiety causing thoughts etc, by ignoring exsistence
- talk about someone who died in the present tense

88
Q

displacement

A

transference of emotions associated with particular person, object, or situation to another non threatening person
- child scared of father but says scared of animals
- child yells at teddy bear

89
Q

dissociation

A

disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, perception of the environment that results in compartmentalizing uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects
- ignore distractions and become absorbed in work
- disconnected from reality

90
Q

identification

A

attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group, may be done consciously or unconsciously
- dressing up like teacher, or drug dealer

91
Q

intellectualization

A

events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into the processing
- lead child to safety in dangerous situation
- ignoring grief by focusing on smaller tasks

92
Q

projection

A

unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to others
- refuse to socialize with other women bc of repressed attraction

93
Q

reaction

A

unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite emotion or behavior
- recovering alc talking about the evils of drinking
- hovering mother preventing normal development

94
Q

regression

A

reverting to an earlier, more primitive and childlike pattern of behavior
- loses promotion starts being bad worker

95
Q

repression

A

unconscious exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness
- after fight, forget bday
- unable to enjoy sex after partner pushed her bringing up trauma from childhood

96
Q

splitting

A

inability to integrate the positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image
- initially values friends then disillusioned when they have flaws

97
Q

sublimation

A

unconscious process of transforming negative impulses into less damaging and even productive impulse
- anger with boss = clean house
- always constructive

98
Q

suppression

A

conscious decision to delay addressing a disturbing situation or feeling
- wait until after event to deal with problem
- ignores lump in breast to go on 3 wk vacay

99
Q

undoing

A

person makes up for a regrettable act or communication
- after flirting with coworker, man brings wife present
- wash hands to gain composure around women bc desire repressed sexuality

NUR 329 (3 decks)

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