Key Terms Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Cognition
A
System of interrelated abilities such as perception, reasoning, judgement, intuition, mood
- allows one to be aware of oneself in relation to others
2
Q
Memory
A
Facet of cognition, retaining and recalling past experiences
3
Q
Delirium
A
Acute, cog impairment, rapid onset, caused by medical condition
4
Q
Dementia
A
Chronic cog impairment, slow onset, various causes
5
Q
Sundowning
A
Tendency for an individuals mood to deteriorate and agitation to inc in the later part of the day, fading with light, or at night
6
Q
Aphasia
A
Loss of language ability
7
Q
Expressive aphasia
A
Cannot find words to express ideas
- Borca
8
Q
Receptive aphasia
A
Cannot interpret what is said
9
Q
Apraxia
A
Loss of purposeful movement
10
Q
agnosia
A
Loss of ability to recognize objects
11
Q
Confabulation
A
Unconscious creation of stories or answers in place of actual memories to help maintain self esteem
12
Q
Preservation
A
Persistent repetition of a work, phrase, or gesture
13
Q
Hyperorality
A
Tendency to put things in mouth to taste or chew
14
Q
Acute stress disorder
A
occurs within the first month of an extreme exposure to trauma
- sx begin 3 days to 1 month
15
Q
Agoraphobia
A
Excessive anxiety or fear about being in places or situation from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or where help might not be available
- feared places are avoided
- most severe and persistent phobia
16
Q
Anxiety
A
Response to thoughts that bring up …
- apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, dread
—> from a real perceived threat (stressor)
17
Q
Anxiety disorder
A
The emotions of the perceived threat/stressor remain even when it is now gone
18
Q
Body dysmorphic disorder
A
Preoccupation w one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others
- intrusive, unwanted, time-consuming, difficult to control
19
Q
Compulsions
A
Repeated behaviors, ritualistic
- goal to prevent or relieve anxiety or distress
- repeated thoughts, activities, rituals
20
Q
Defense mechanisms
A
Automatic coping skills that protect people from anxiety
- help to maintain self image by blocking: feelings, conflicts, memories
- healthy and unhealthy
- no always apparent
21
Q
Excoriation disorder
A
recurrent skin picking
- mostly face, arms, hands
- a way to deal with stress and anxiety
22
Q
Exposure therapy
A
23
Q
flooding
A
exposure to a large amount of an undesirable stimuli
- learn through prolonged exposure that survival is possible and anxiety will diminish
24
Q
generalized anxiety disorder
A
anxiety for more than 6 months
- excessive and persistent worry
25
Hoarding disorder
persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their value
- results in significant distress or impairment
26
Mild anxiety
occurs in normal experience of everyday living, typically provides motivation for survival
- heightened perceptual filed
- ability to work towards a goal
- mild tension relieving behaviors
27
Moderate anxiety
28
Obsessive compulsive disorder
narrowed perceptual field, hear/see less of what is going on, less able to pay attention
- not able to solve problems optimally, can follow directions
- sympathetic nervous system --> voice tremors, shaking, inc HR
29
Obsession
unwanted, intrusive, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur so they they cannot be dismissed form the mind even when ind attempts
- not consistent with the ind self perception or usual thought pattern
30
panic
most extreme level of anxiety
- unable to process, focus is lost, disorganized and irrational thinking
- experience of terror, unintelligible communication or inability to speak
31
Panic disorder
chronic condition that has several exacerbations
- panic attacks, sudden onset of apprehension or fear
- impending doom
- anticipatory and avoidance
32
Post traumatic stress disorder
result of specific types of trauma
- direct experience, witness in person, learning about event
- results in re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal and reactivity, cognitive and mood
33
Separation anxiety disorder
normal part of infant development that can become inappropriate levels of concern over being separated
- sleep disturbances, nightmares, physical sx
34
Severe anxiety
greatly reduced perceptual field, focuses on details, attention scattered
- problem solving feels impossible, unable to see connections
- may be dazed and confused
- sense of impending doom, more intense somatic pains
35
Social anxiety disorder
severe anxiety provoked by exposure to a social or a performance situation that could be evaluated negatively by others
- can worry for weeks or days
36
Specific phobia
persistent irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a desire for avoidance of that object, activity or situation
- provokes immediate fear or anxiety
- fear is out of proportion to actual danger
37
Systematic desensitization
gradual introduction to the feared object or experience through a series of steps
- taught to use relaxation techniques
38
trichotillomania
recurrent hair pulling from any region of the body
- pain from hair pulling reduces their anxiety
- unnoticed behavior until notice wad of hair
39
resiliency
ability to adapt to change or adversity
- inner strength, healthy coping strategies, able to reach out for support
40
play therapy
vehicle for change, expression of feelings, trust, relationship building
- cannot be standardized, used for younger children
41
tic disorder
sudden nonrhythmic and rapid motor movements or vocalizations
42
intellectual developmental disorder
deficits in intellectual, social, and daily functioning
- decrease IQ level
43
autism disorder
deficits in social interactions and relationships
- stereotypical repetitive speech/behavior, obsessive focus on specific objects, over adherence to routines, rituals, problems with sensory input, resists change
44
ADHD
Persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that is pervasive and inappropriate for developmental level
- at least 2 settings
- hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattentive, combined
45
oppositional defiant disorder
Defiant, vindictive, irritable, angry
- can’t be told no
- exceed boundaries
- typically outgrow
46
conduct disorder
Violation of basic rights of others, aggressive behavior towards people/animals, destruction of property
- basic rights of societal norms are repeatedly violated
- unmanageable, lack empathy, mad they got caught
47
Adjustment disorder
Emotional or behavioral reaction within 3 months of exposure to stressor
- reaction is out of proportion
- symptoms end by 6 months
- ex: divorce, death, retirement
48
Reactive attachment disorder
Child does not have healthy relationship with parent/s
- withdrawal, no response when comfort is given, watching others and not engaging, failure to reach out when picked up
49
Disinhibited social engagement
Child inappropriately interacts with unfamiliar adults
- first 2 years of life
- reduced reservation, violates boundaries, doesn’t check back with caregiver, willing to with unfamiliar people
50
Physical abuse
Infliction of physical pain or bodily harm
51
Sexual abuse
Sexual contact or exposure without consent or incapable of giving consent
52
Emotional abuse
Undermining someone’s self worth
53
Economic abuse
Controlling a person’s access to economic resources making an individual financially dependent
54
Neglect
Failure to provide physical, emotional, educational, and medical needs
55
Crisis situation
Situation that puts stress on a family with a violent member
- lack of impulse control, problem-solving skills, healthy support system
56
Perpetrator
Any member of a household who is violent toward another member
57
Vulnerable person
Family member upon whom abuse is perpetrated
58
Survivor (vs victim)
Recognizes the recovery and healing process that follows victimization and does not have a connotation of passivity
59
Safety plan
A plan in place for when an escape is necessary (inc in aggression) such as a safe house, shelter that can provide resources
60
Cycle of abuse
Repetition of three phases that occur during abuse
- inc chances of dec in calm stages, inc: intensity, depression, hopelessness, immobilization, self deprecation
61
Tension building
Minor incidents such as pushing, shoving, verbal abuse
- victim reduces tension by ignoring, accepting, or excusing behavior out of fear (should have done this)
- abuses reduces tension by rationalizing behavior such as it was alc or drugs made me do it
62
Acute battering
The tension peaks intense abuse results
- triggered by event of abuser’s emotional state
- “victim provokes”
63
Honeymoon stage
Tension reduces
- abuser apologizes and is remorseful buying gifts, etc.
- victim is needed and loved again resulting in hopefulness, abandons legal plans
64
Primary prevention
Measures taken to prevent the occurrence of abuse
- reducing stress and the influence of risk factors, inc social supports, coping skills, self esteem
65
Secondary prevention
Early intervention in a suite situation
- screening programs for all at risk, medical treatment for injuries, coordination of community services
66
Tertiary prevention
Occurs in MH setting, nurse facilitates healing and rehabilitation
- counseling, support groups, assisting survivals, legal advocacy programs h
67
Sexual assault
Unwanted sexual advances/harassment to rape
68
Attempted rape
Threats of rape or intention to rape that is unsuccessful
69
Completed rape
Penetration, no matter how slight of the vagina or anus with any body parts or object or oral penetration by a sex without consent
70
Derealization
Feeling like the world is dreamlike, distant, distorted
71
Depersonalization
Feeling like they are living in a dream
72
Aggression
An auction or behavior that results in verbal or physical attack
- intended to threaten or injure the victim’s security, self esteem
73
Anger
An emotional response to frustration of desires, a threat to one’s needs or a challenge
- an emotion that most have the ability to appropriately express
74
Chemical restraint
Medication to restrict a client’s movement or behavior
- temporary sedation to restrict movement in case of potential harm
- doesn’t apply to single dosage for emergency management
75
De-escalation techniques
Maintain positive self esteem and dignity
Calmness, calm clear voice
Assess pt and situation
Identify stressors, indicators
respond as early as possible
Invest time
Be honest
Determine what the patient needs
Avoid invading personal space esp in times of high anxiety
Avoid arguing
Give several clear options
Don’t take chances, maintain personal safety
76
Physical restraints
Any manual method that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move arm, leg, body or head freely
77
Precipitating factors
78
seclusion
Involuntary confinement of a patient alone in a room or area from which the patient is physically prevented from leaving
- goal is SAFETY
- used for management of violent or self destructive behavior
79
Violence
Objectionable act that involves intentional use of force that results in or has the potential to result in injury to another individual
80
Medical mimics
Disorders that present with psychiatric six directly resulting from an underlying medical condition
81
Diagnostic overshadowing
attributing sx of a physical illness to the mental illness
82
Mental disorder due to another medical condition
Mental health symptoms that are secondary to a medical condition
83
Substance/medication induced disorders
Mental health sx that are caused by substance abuse or medication (polypharm, intoxication, withdrawal)
84
altruism
unconscious motivation to feel caring and concern for others
- compulsively resuce animals to their detriment
85
compensation
used to counterbalance perceived deficiencies by emphasizing strengths
- drinks alc when self esteem is low
86
conversion
unconscious transformation of anxiety into physical sx
- blind after trauma event
87
denial
escaping unpleasant, anxiety causing thoughts etc, by ignoring exsistence
- talk about someone who died in the present tense
88
displacement
transference of emotions associated with particular person, object, or situation to another non threatening person
- child scared of father but says scared of animals
- child yells at teddy bear
89
dissociation
disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, perception of the environment that results in compartmentalizing uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects
- ignore distractions and become absorbed in work
- disconnected from reality
90
identification
attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group, may be done consciously or unconsciously
- dressing up like teacher, or drug dealer
91
intellectualization
events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into the processing
- lead child to safety in dangerous situation
- ignoring grief by focusing on smaller tasks
92
projection
unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to others
- refuse to socialize with other women bc of repressed attraction
93
reaction
unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite emotion or behavior
- recovering alc talking about the evils of drinking
- hovering mother preventing normal development
94
regression
reverting to an earlier, more primitive and childlike pattern of behavior
- loses promotion starts being bad worker
95
repression
unconscious exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness
- after fight, forget bday
- unable to enjoy sex after partner pushed her bringing up trauma from childhood
96
splitting
inability to integrate the positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image
- initially values friends then disillusioned when they have flaws
97
sublimation
unconscious process of transforming negative impulses into less damaging and even productive impulse
- anger with boss = clean house
- always constructive
98
suppression
conscious decision to delay addressing a disturbing situation or feeling
- wait until after event to deal with problem
- ignores lump in breast to go on 3 wk vacay
99
undoing
person makes up for a regrettable act or communication
- after flirting with coworker, man brings wife present
- wash hands to gain composure around women bc desire repressed sexuality
