Key terms Flashcards
Inflation
A sustained price increase with the fall in the value of the money
Gentry
The class of landowners ranking just below the nobility
Commonwealth
Often used to describe England and its people
Royal perogotive
The Kings power to act on his own authority without reference to others. It included control of reign policy, war and peace, the regulation of overseas trade and the coinage and pardoning of criminals.
Proclamation
A public statement of the Kings wishes, which had less force than statue
Patronage
For someone to succeed in life they needed a Patron, whom they supported and served. The patron would then help them succeed for a favourable position in society.
Presbyterianism
A system of Church government without Bishops, which gave significant responsibility to individual congregations who chose their own ministers and elders. It was a strict form Protestantism which placed great emphasis on the Bible and less on tradition .
Book of rates
Listed the customs duty payable on specific terms. It was periodically revised.
Tonnage and Poundage
Taxes on imports and exports
Ordinary revenue
The income the monarch received each year
Robert Cecil
- Earl of Salisbury 1605
- Lord treasurer 1605
Popery
-Derogatory term given to Catholics
Popish
Anything that appeared Catholic or Inspired by the church
King James Bible
The authorised version of the bible used in English churches, established as a result of the Hampton Court Conference
Monopolies
These gave individuals or groups the right to be the sole supplier or the product or service
William Laud
- Most influential Arminian after he became archbishop of Canterbury in 1633
- Imposed sweeping reforms
Sir Edward Coke
-Influential Judge who was outspoken in his defence of liberties or Parliament. He was instrumental in passing the statue of monopolies and the Petition of Right
Absolutism
A system of governance where power is concentrated in the hands of one ruler
Remonstrance
A formal state of grievances
Book of Sports
A list of activities that were pronounced to be lawful on Sundays’s, including archery and dancing
Sir Thomas Wentworth
Became an MP and was very critical of Charles I foreign policy
Critical of Buckinghams control of patronage
After Buckinghams death became a member of the privy council
Was central in developing the policy of Thorough
He was extremely disliked by Parliament
Royalists
Those who would fight for the king in the civil war
Radicals
Those who favoured sweeping changes to the church or state.
Militia Ordinance
This took military control away from the King and gave it to parliament
New Model
Referred to the Organisation, training and discipline that characterised the troops under Cromwells command
Thomas Fairfax
Brilliant commander during the civil war
He was unsuited to politics and declined to become involved with the events leading up to the Kings trial
Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell rose within two decades from an obscure East Anglian background to become an outstanding soldier and statesman, ending his days as Lord Protector
Council of the Army
Highest ranking officers in the army
Leveller
A movement that began among civilians in London around 1645 and challenged the existing social order
Predestinarian
Believing that whether a person is a saved or damned has been predetermined by God’s unchangeable will
Rules of War
There were no such rules of war in formal sense, yet there was a broad understanding that if troops and non-combatants refused to surrender than they thereby sacrificed their right to be treated mercifully.
John Pym
Came from a conventional gentry background
Convinced Puritan and played a leading role in the attempts to impeach Buckingham in the 1620s
He articulated the grievances felt about Charles’s rule in the Short and long parliament very persuasively
Robert Sibthorpe
Robert Sibthorpe or Sibthorp (died 1662) was an English clergyman who gained notoriety during the reign of King Charles I of England for his outspoken defense of the divine right of kings.
