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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure of the body and its parts

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The study of the function of the body and how its parts work together

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms

A

Cell

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5
Q

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function

A

Tissue

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6
Q

A structure made up of two or more types of tissues that perform a specific function in the body

A

Organ

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7
Q

A group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs

A

Organ system

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8
Q

All of the chemical reactions that occur within the body, including catabolism and anabolism

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

Breaking down molecules

A

Catabolism

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10
Q

Building up molecules

A

Anabolism

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11
Q

The outer boundary of the cell that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

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12
Q

The fluid inside of the cell, where most of the cell’s metabolic reactions occur

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

Organelles in the cell responsible for producing energy (ATP) through respiration

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

The control center of the cell that contains DNA and regulates gene expression

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

Tissue that covers the body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands

A

Epithelial Tissue

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16
Q

Tissue that supports, protects, and binds other tissues together (e.g., bone, blood, cartilage)

A

Connective Tissue

17
Q

Tissue responsible for movement, which includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle types

A

Muscle Tissue

18
Q

Tissue that transmits electrical impulses and processes information in the brain and nervous system

A

Nervous Tissue

19
Q

A nerve cell that transmits electrical signals throughout the body

A

Neuron

20
Q

The junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted

A

Synapse

21
Q

A rapid electrical signal that travels along the membrane of a neuron or muscle fiber

A

Action Potential

22
Q

Chemical messengers released by glands that regulate various functions of the body

A

Hormones

23
Q

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

A

Axial Skeleton

24
Q

The part of the skeleton that includes the limbs, shoulders, and pelvic

A

Appendicular Skeleton

25
Q

A connective tissue that connects bone to bone

A

Ligament

26
Q

A connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

27
Q

The functional unit of a muscle fiber responsible for contraction

A

Sarcomere

28
Q

The molecule that provides energy for cellular processes

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

29
Q

The system that circulates blood through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

A

Cardiovascular system

30
Q

A system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions

A

Endocrine System

31
Q

The system responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste

A

Digestive system

32
Q

The system that removes waste from the blood and regulates water and electrolytes balance

A

Urinary System

33
Q

The system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands

A

Integumentary System

34
Q

The system responsible for gas exchange between the air and the bloodstream, including the lungs and airways

A

Respiratory System

Human Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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