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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Longer than they are wide

A

Long Bones
Ex: Femur and Humerus

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2
Q

Cube-shaped and provide stability/support with little movement

A

Short Bones
Ex: Carpals and Tarsals

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3
Q

Protect internal organs and provide large areas for muscle attachment

A

Flat Bones
Ex: Skull bones, scapula, sternum

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4
Q

Complex shapes that don’t fit into other categories

A

Irregular Bones
Ex: Vertebrae, mandible, pelvis

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5
Q

Small, round bones embedded within tendons; Found in joints

A

Sesamoid Bones
Ex: Patella

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6
Q

Dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength:

A

Compact Bone

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7
Q

Found inside bones, it has a honeycomb structure and houses bone marrow:

A

Spongy (Cancellous) Bone

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8
Q

Cells that build new bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts

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9
Q

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

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10
Q

Cells responsible for the resorption and breakdown of old bone tissue

A

Osteoclasts

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11
Q

Produces red and white blood cells, found mainly in flat bones and the ends of long bones:

A

Red bone marrow

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12
Q

Stores fat, found in the medullary cavity of long bones:

A

Yellow bone marrow

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13
Q

Bone functions:

A

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Blood Cell Production, Energy Storage

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14
Q

80 bones that form the central axis of the body; includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

A

Axial Skeleton

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15
Q

126 bones that support the appendages; includes limbs and shoulders and pelvis

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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16
Q

Skull:

A

Cranial bones and facial bones

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17
Q

Protect the brain

A

Cranial bones

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18
Q

Provide structure for the face

A

Facial bones

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19
Q

Forehead and the roof of the orbits (eye sockets)

A

Frontal bone

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20
Q

The sides and roof of the cranial cavity

A

Parietal bones

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21
Q

The back of the skull

A

Occipital Bone

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22
Q

Below the parietal bones, houses the inner ear

A

Temporal bones

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23
Q

Complex bones at the base of the skull and part of the eye socket

A

Sphenoid and ethmoid bones

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24
Q

Upper jaw and part of the orbits

A

Maxilla

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25
Q

Lower jaw, the only movable part of the skull

A

Mandible

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26
Q

Cheekbone

A

Zygomatic bone

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27
Q

______ _____ form the bridge of the nose

A

Nasal bones

28
Q

33 vertebrae divided into 5 regions:

A

Vertebral column (spine)

29
Q

Neck region (C1-C7)

A

Cervical Vertebrae

30
Q

C1 is also called:

A

The atlas

31
Q

C2 is also called:

A

The axis

32
Q

Upper back region (T1-T12) is called _______, and it is ___________

A

Thoracic Vertebrae; where ribs attach

33
Q

Lower back region (L1-L5) is called ___________, and it is made up of __________

A

Lumbar Vertebrae; large vertebrae for bearing weight

34
Q

5 fused vertebrae at the base of the spine make up the _______

A

Sacrum

35
Q

3-5 fused vertebrae make up the tailbone, or the ______

A

Coccyx

36
Q

12 pairs of ribs make up the

A

Ribcage

37
Q

True ribs (1-7) do what?

A

attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage

38
Q

Which ribs are indirectly attached to the sternum?

A

False ribs (8-10)

39
Q

Which ribs have no attachment to the sternum?

A

Floating ribs (11-12)

40
Q

The sternum is composed of three parts:

A

the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

41
Q

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle is made up of two parts:

A

Clavicle and Scapula

42
Q

The ___ connects the sternum to the scapula

A

Clavicle (collarbone)

43
Q

A flat triangular bone at the back, serving as an attachment point for muscles that move the arm

A

Scapula (shoulder blade)

44
Q

Upper limbs are made up of the:

A

Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

45
Q

The upper arm bone, articulates with the scapula at the shoulders and radius and ulna at the elbow

A

Humerus

46
Q

The lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side); allows for rotation

A

Radius

47
Q

The medial bone of the forearm (pinky side); forms the elbow joint with the humerus

A

Ulna

48
Q

The eight small bones of the wrist

A

Carpals

49
Q

Five bones of the hand

A

Metacarpals

50
Q

The bones of the fingers

A

Phalanges (3 per finger, 2 in the thumb)

51
Q

the pelvic girdle is made up of the

A

Pelvis, Sacrum, pubic symphysis

52
Q

The pelvis is composed of 3 fused bones:

A

The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis

53
Q

Articulates with the ilium at the sacroiliac joint

A

Sacrum

54
Q

A cartilaginous joint where the left and right pubic bones meet

A

Pubic Symphysis

55
Q

The lower limbs are composed of:

A

Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

56
Q

The thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the body. Articulates with the pelvis at the hip joint

A

Femur

57
Q

A sesamoid bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon; protects the knee joint

A

Patella (Kneecap)

58
Q

The medial, larger bone of the lower leg (shinbone), bears most of the body’s weight

A

Tibia

59
Q

The lateral, thinner bone of the lower leg; stabilizes the ankle

A

Fibula

60
Q

7 bones of the ankle

A

Tarsals

61
Q

The _____ connects the leg to the foot, and the ______ is the heel bone.

A

Talus; Calcaneus

62
Q

5 bones of the midfoot

A

Metatarsals

63
Q

The bones of the toes

A

Phalanges (3 per toe, 2 in the big toe)

64
Q

A joint or connection between two bones

A

Articulation

65
Q

A projection or bump on a bone where muscles or tendons attach

A

Process

66
Q

A hole ina bone, often allowing nerves or blood vessels to pass through

A

Foramen
Ex: The foreman magnum is the large opening in the occipital bone where the spinal cord connects to the brain

67
Q

A rounded surface at the end of a bone, often part of a joint

A

Condyle

Human Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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