Bones Flashcards
Longer than they are wide
Long Bones
Ex: Femur and Humerus
Cube-shaped and provide stability/support with little movement
Short Bones
Ex: Carpals and Tarsals
Protect internal organs and provide large areas for muscle attachment
Flat Bones
Ex: Skull bones, scapula, sternum
Complex shapes that don’t fit into other categories
Irregular Bones
Ex: Vertebrae, mandible, pelvis
Small, round bones embedded within tendons; Found in joints
Sesamoid Bones
Ex: Patella
Dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength:
Compact Bone
Found inside bones, it has a honeycomb structure and houses bone marrow:
Spongy (Cancellous) Bone
Cells that build new bone tissue
Osteoblasts
Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix
Osteocytes
Cells responsible for the resorption and breakdown of old bone tissue
Osteoclasts
Produces red and white blood cells, found mainly in flat bones and the ends of long bones:
Red bone marrow
Stores fat, found in the medullary cavity of long bones:
Yellow bone marrow
Bone functions:
Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Blood Cell Production, Energy Storage
80 bones that form the central axis of the body; includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage
Axial Skeleton
126 bones that support the appendages; includes limbs and shoulders and pelvis
Appendicular Skeleton
Skull:
Cranial bones and facial bones
Protect the brain
Cranial bones
Provide structure for the face
Facial bones
Forehead and the roof of the orbits (eye sockets)
Frontal bone
The sides and roof of the cranial cavity
Parietal bones
The back of the skull
Occipital Bone
Below the parietal bones, houses the inner ear
Temporal bones
Complex bones at the base of the skull and part of the eye socket
Sphenoid and ethmoid bones
Upper jaw and part of the orbits
Maxilla
Lower jaw, the only movable part of the skull
Mandible
Cheekbone
Zygomatic bone
______ _____ form the bridge of the nose
Nasal bones
33 vertebrae divided into 5 regions:
Vertebral column (spine)
Neck region (C1-C7)
Cervical Vertebrae
C1 is also called:
The atlas
C2 is also called:
The axis
Upper back region (T1-T12) is called _______, and it is ___________
Thoracic Vertebrae; where ribs attach
Lower back region (L1-L5) is called ___________, and it is made up of __________
Lumbar Vertebrae; large vertebrae for bearing weight
5 fused vertebrae at the base of the spine make up the _______
Sacrum
3-5 fused vertebrae make up the tailbone, or the ______
Coccyx
12 pairs of ribs make up the
Ribcage
True ribs (1-7) do what?
attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage
Which ribs are indirectly attached to the sternum?
False ribs (8-10)
Which ribs have no attachment to the sternum?
Floating ribs (11-12)
The sternum is composed of three parts:
the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle is made up of two parts:
Clavicle and Scapula
The ___ connects the sternum to the scapula
Clavicle (collarbone)
A flat triangular bone at the back, serving as an attachment point for muscles that move the arm
Scapula (shoulder blade)
Upper limbs are made up of the:
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
The upper arm bone, articulates with the scapula at the shoulders and radius and ulna at the elbow
Humerus
The lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side); allows for rotation
Radius
The medial bone of the forearm (pinky side); forms the elbow joint with the humerus
Ulna
The eight small bones of the wrist
Carpals
Five bones of the hand
Metacarpals
The bones of the fingers
Phalanges (3 per finger, 2 in the thumb)
the pelvic girdle is made up of the
Pelvis, Sacrum, pubic symphysis
The pelvis is composed of 3 fused bones:
The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis
Articulates with the ilium at the sacroiliac joint
Sacrum
A cartilaginous joint where the left and right pubic bones meet
Pubic Symphysis
The lower limbs are composed of:
Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
The thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the body. Articulates with the pelvis at the hip joint
Femur
A sesamoid bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon; protects the knee joint
Patella (Kneecap)
The medial, larger bone of the lower leg (shinbone), bears most of the body’s weight
Tibia
The lateral, thinner bone of the lower leg; stabilizes the ankle
Fibula
7 bones of the ankle
Tarsals
The _____ connects the leg to the foot, and the ______ is the heel bone.
Talus; Calcaneus
5 bones of the midfoot
Metatarsals
The bones of the toes
Phalanges (3 per toe, 2 in the big toe)
A joint or connection between two bones
Articulation
A projection or bump on a bone where muscles or tendons attach
Process
A hole ina bone, often allowing nerves or blood vessels to pass through
Foramen
Ex: The foreman magnum is the large opening in the occipital bone where the spinal cord connects to the brain
A rounded surface at the end of a bone, often part of a joint
Condyle
