blood terms Flashcards
Red blood cells are called
Erythrocytes
White blood cells are called
Leukocytes
Cell fragments formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow via thrombopoiesis are called
Platelets/thrombocytes
WBC with cytoplasmic granules are called
granulocytes
A type of granulocyte that fights infection by engulfing and destroying bacteria and fungi; Most abundant type
Neutrophil
A type of granulocyte involved in fighting parasites and allergic reactions. It releases enzymes that combat invaders
Eosinophil
A granulocyte that plays a role in allergic responses by releasing histamine and other chemicals, causing inflammation
Basophil
A type of WBC without cytoplasmic granules
Agranulocyte
A type of agranulocyte involved in immune defense
Lymphocyte
__ cells produce antibodies, __ cell destroy infected cells
B; T
A large agranulocyte that differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells, helping to engulf and digest pathogens and dead cells
Monocyte
Antigen (_________)
Agglutinogen
Antibody (__________)
Agglutinin
Agglutinogen refers to:
- Type A and B proteins
- anti-A and anti-B
- Type A and B proteins
antigens
Agglutinin refers to:
- Type A and B proteins
- anti-A and anti-B
- anti-A and anti-B
anitbodies
When agglutinins recognize foreign agglutinogens on RBCs they bind the RBCs together. This is called __________ (clumping)
agglutination
The extracellular liquid part of blood that carries cells and nutrients (otherwise called the matrix). Made up of 92% water, but also proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, etc:
Plasma
Plasma without clotting factors:
Serum
Universal donor
Type O
Universal recipient
Type AB
Rh-factor (D-agglutinogen) - A protein found on RBCs. If you have it, you are Rh-____, if not, Rh-_____.
positive; negative
The percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample, used to measure blood health and oxygen-carrying capacity.
Hematocrit
True or False: Anti-D agglutinins are not normally present in the blood?
True.
Anti-D agglutinins are not normally present in the blood, they only form in Rh-negative individuals who are exposed to Rh-positive blood.
A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the body’s tissues.
Hemoglobin
A protein that forms a mesh during blood clotting to help stop bleeding
Fibrin
Structures made of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromosomes
A segment of DNA that contains instructions for building a specific protein or regulating a biological function.
Gene
Different versions of a gene that can cause variations in a trait
Alleles
The genetic makeup of an individual, referring to the specific alleles inherited.
Genotype
The observable traits or characteristics of an individual, influenced by the genotype and environment.
Phenotype
blood type A has ____ agglutinogens and anti-____ agglutinins
A; B
blood type B has ____ agglutinogens and anti-____ agglutinins
B; A
blood type AB has ____ & ______ agglutinogens and ____ agglutinin
A & B; neither
blood type O has _______ agglutinogen and ____ agglutinins
Neither; Both
Type O is the most _____; AB is the ______
Common; Rarest
Type A (anti-B) will react with RBC types:
B and AB
Type B (anti-A) will react with RBC types:
A and AB
Type AB will react with RBC types:
None
Type O (anti-A and anti-B) will react with
A, B, and AB, unless plasma (and therefore antibodies) is separated from RBC
Homozygous dominant:
- AA
- Aa
- aa
- AA
Heterozygous:
- AA
- Aa
- aa
- Aa
Homozygous recessive:
- AA
- Aa
- aa
- aa
A and B alleles are
Dominant
O alleles are
Recessive
2 A or A & O alleles result in type
A
2 B or B & O alleles result in type
B
Two O alleles result in type
O
In the Rh blood group ____ is dominant to ____
positive; negative
only one positive is necessary to make a person Rh-positive
