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Human Anatomy and Physiology > blood terms > Flashcards

blood terms Flashcards

1
Q

Red blood cells are called

A

Erythrocytes

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2
Q

White blood cells are called

A

Leukocytes

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3
Q

Cell fragments formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow via thrombopoiesis are called

A

Platelets/thrombocytes

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4
Q

WBC with cytoplasmic granules are called

A

granulocytes

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5
Q

A type of granulocyte that fights infection by engulfing and destroying bacteria and fungi; Most abundant type

A

Neutrophil

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6
Q

A type of granulocyte involved in fighting parasites and allergic reactions. It releases enzymes that combat invaders

A

Eosinophil

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7
Q

A granulocyte that plays a role in allergic responses by releasing histamine and other chemicals, causing inflammation

A

Basophil

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8
Q

A type of WBC without cytoplasmic granules

A

Agranulocyte

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9
Q

A type of agranulocyte involved in immune defense

A

Lymphocyte

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10
Q

__ cells produce antibodies, __ cell destroy infected cells

A

B; T

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11
Q

A large agranulocyte that differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells, helping to engulf and digest pathogens and dead cells

A

Monocyte

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12
Q

Antigen (_________)

A

Agglutinogen

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13
Q

Antibody (__________)

A

Agglutinin

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14
Q

Agglutinogen refers to:

  1. Type A and B proteins
  2. anti-A and anti-B
A
  1. Type A and B proteins

antigens

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15
Q

Agglutinin refers to:

  1. Type A and B proteins
  2. anti-A and anti-B
A
  1. anti-A and anti-B

anitbodies

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16
Q

When agglutinins recognize foreign agglutinogens on RBCs they bind the RBCs together. This is called __________ (clumping)

A

agglutination

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17
Q

The extracellular liquid part of blood that carries cells and nutrients (otherwise called the matrix). Made up of 92% water, but also proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, etc:

A

Plasma

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18
Q

Plasma without clotting factors:

A

Serum

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19
Q

Universal donor

A

Type O

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20
Q

Universal recipient

A

Type AB

21
Q

Rh-factor (D-agglutinogen) - A protein found on RBCs. If you have it, you are Rh-____, if not, Rh-_____.

A

positive; negative

22
Q

The percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample, used to measure blood health and oxygen-carrying capacity.

A

Hematocrit

23
Q

True or False: Anti-D agglutinins are not normally present in the blood?

A

True.
Anti-D agglutinins are not normally present in the blood, they only form in Rh-negative individuals who are exposed to Rh-positive blood.

24
Q

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

A

Hemoglobin

25
Q

A protein that forms a mesh during blood clotting to help stop bleeding

A

Fibrin

26
Q

Structures made of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information in the form of genes.

A

Chromosomes

27
Q

A segment of DNA that contains instructions for building a specific protein or regulating a biological function.

A

Gene

28
Q

Different versions of a gene that can cause variations in a trait

A

Alleles

29
Q

The genetic makeup of an individual, referring to the specific alleles inherited.

A

Genotype

30
Q

The observable traits or characteristics of an individual, influenced by the genotype and environment.

A

Phenotype

31
Q

blood type A has ____ agglutinogens and anti-____ agglutinins

A

A; B

32
Q

blood type B has ____ agglutinogens and anti-____ agglutinins

A

B; A

33
Q

blood type AB has ____ & ______ agglutinogens and ____ agglutinin

A

A & B; neither

34
Q

blood type O has _______ agglutinogen and ____ agglutinins

A

Neither; Both

35
Q

Type O is the most _____; AB is the ______

A

Common; Rarest

36
Q

Type A (anti-B) will react with RBC types:

A

B and AB

37
Q

Type B (anti-A) will react with RBC types:

A

A and AB

38
Q

Type AB will react with RBC types:

A

None

39
Q

Type O (anti-A and anti-B) will react with

A

A, B, and AB, unless plasma (and therefore antibodies) is separated from RBC

40
Q

Homozygous dominant:

  1. AA
  2. Aa
  3. aa
A
  1. AA
41
Q

Heterozygous:

  1. AA
  2. Aa
  3. aa
A
  1. Aa
42
Q

Homozygous recessive:

  1. AA
  2. Aa
  3. aa
A
  1. aa
43
Q

A and B alleles are

A

Dominant

44
Q

O alleles are

A

Recessive

45
Q

2 A or A & O alleles result in type

A

A

46
Q

2 B or B & O alleles result in type

A

B

47
Q

Two O alleles result in type

A

O

48
Q

In the Rh blood group ____ is dominant to ____

A

positive; negative
only one positive is necessary to make a person Rh-positive

Human Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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