Key Terms

Question 1

Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS)

Answer 1

maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking.

Question 2

Toughness

Answer 2

material’s ability to absorb energy and deform without fracturing.

area under the stress-strain curve

Question 3

Stress

Answer 3

relationship between force and a materials cross sectional area,

measured in pascals

Question 4

hardness

Answer 4

Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation

Question 5

Youngs Modulus

Answer 5

ratio of stress to strain

indicates the stiffness of a material

Question 6

stiffness

Answer 6

is a measure of rigidity

Question 7

Pearlite

Answer 7

structure of alternating layers of ferrite (soft) and cementite (hard) that forms in steel as it cools from austenite.

provides good balance of strength and ductility.

occurs at carbon contents of between 0.02 and 6.67 %

Question 8

Ferrite

Answer 8

A body-centered cubic (BCC) structure of iron that is relatively soft and ductile.

contributes to the toughness and formability of steel.

Question 9

Austinite

Answer 9

A face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of iron that exists at higher temperatures.

non-magnetic and can hold more carbon in solution, leading to different microstructures upon cooling.

Question 10

Cementite

Answer 10

A hard, brittle intermetallic compound of iron and carbon found in steel and cast iron.

It increases hardness but reduces ductility.

Question 11

Ductility

Answer 11

ability of a material to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture or failure.

how much a material can stretch or elongate

Question 12

Density

Answer 12

The mass per unit volume of a material,

Question 13

Malleability

Answer 13

ability of a material to deform under compressive stress

Question 14

Brittleness

Answer 14

The tendency of a material to break or shatter without significant deformation

Question 15

Elasticity

Answer 15

The ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed.

Question 16

Plasticity

Answer 16

The ability of a material to undergo permanent deformation without breaking.

Question 17

Conductivity

Answer 17

The ability of a material to conduct electricity or heat.

Question 18

Martensite

Answer 18

A hard, brittle microstructure formed when austenite is rapidly quenched.

Question 19

elastic limit

Answer 19

maximum stress that a material can withstand while still being able to return to its original shape once the load is removed.

Question 20

Plastic Limit

(also known as the yield point or yield strength)

Answer 20

is the point beyond which the material begins to deform plastically.

Once the stress exceeds this limit, the material will undergo permanent deformation