key terms Flashcards
French & Dutch colonization
In relation to key concept
Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives
- relied on trade alliances & intermarriages with American Indians
- Helped build economic & diplomatic relationships ➡️ helped gain furs and other products for export to Europe ➡️ better economy
English colonization
in relation to key concept
Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives
- families were moving to colonies (permanent settlement)
- often wanted economic improvement, religious freedom, better living conditions
Spanish colonization
in relation to key concept
Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives
- goal: extracting wealth from land (mineral wealth = gold)
- systems of subjugating native populations, converting them to Christianity (encomienda system)
- incorporated Natives and Africans into Spanish colonial society
New England colonies
in relation to key concept
Key concept: What were the primary environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors that contributed to the regional differences in the development of early British colonies?
- initially settled by Puritans
- small towns with family farms
- mixed economy of agriculture & commerce
- included NH, RI, CI, Mass Bay, Plymouth
Chesapeake colonies
in relation to key concepts
Key concept: What were the primary environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors that contributed to the regional differences in the development of early British colonies?
- exported tobacco
- needed labor ➡️initially white, male indentured servants; later, enslaved Africans
- included VA & MD
British West Indies
- based on agriculture due to climate
- tobacco and sugar = $$$
- lots of african slaves
- chattel slavery/slave codes
- SUGAR PLANTATIONS
Indentured Servants
- working to pay off cost of travel from Europe to America
- some came seeking better life
- some came as alternative prison in England
- ultimately set free after some time
Puritan
- wanted more change in Protestantism
- came to Mass Bay
Predestination (Calvinism)
- believed that “everything happens for a reason” / “God makes everything happen”
- used this to justify bad and good things that happened at the colonies
Uprising of 1622
- Natives attacked Jamestown
- killed 1/3 of English population there
- changed dynamic between Natives and English
“City upon a hill”
- Puritans believed that they were the “model” for the Anglican church in England
- John Winthrop says this
- wanted everyone to see Puritans as an “example” for what they should be
Pilgrim
- Separatists
- wanted to form separate religious community from Anglicanism
- settled in Plymouth in 1620
Mayflower Compact
- agreed to form a government
- “our better ordering & preservation” - goal: permanent settlement
Maryland Toleration Act
1649 - granted freedom of worship to all Christians
Headright system
- investors often paid for an immigrant to move to the colony
- the settler got a certain amount of land to work on
- became motivation for ppl to come to Virginia / Maryland
- led to more workers on the colony - grew tobacco production
House of Burgesses
- representative assembly in Virginia
- first elected legislative body in the English colonies
Pope’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt)
- 1680 - rebellion led by Popé in New Mexico
- rebelled because of harsh labor and religious repression (effects of encomienda system)
- killed nearlly all Spanish on ranches and farms ➡️ Governor Otermin retreated to Mexico w/ survivors
- took 12 yrs for Spanish to regain control of New Mexico
black robes
(wasn’t in my notes, but it was on the study guide ???)
- some natives called the European missionaries “black robes” when they tried to convert them
(I got this off of google - I have no clue if it is right)
Missionaries
people who tried to convert others to Christianity
Mercantalism
competition for land
(land = resources = money = power ‼️)
Pequot War
- English wanted to expand territory and attacked the Pequots (main goal: wanted land )
- 400 pequots were killed
- Pequots = from CT
King Philip’s War
- tensions increasing between English and Indians
- English = wanted to convert Indians
- Indians = resented missionaries
- English community was growing ➡️ conflict over land
- English won the war with the help of other Indian tribes (Mohawk)
- Natives wanted to help them for protection in return
Iroquois
traded with the English colonists for fur
“well ordered community”
- only those recognized as true believers could join the church
- only church members could vote
- church and state = INTERTWINED
Anne Hutchinson
- dissenter
- Puritan
- had her own interpretation of the bible ➡️ kicked out of the colony
Roger Williams
- believed in separation of Church and State
- created new colony in RI (Providence)
- Providence = 1st colony to separate church and state (1636)
- a place for religious dissenters
- colony had religious freedom
Town Meetings
- Puritan town meetings - only the “saved” voted
- was in the “best interested of the community”
Chattel Slavery
- Race based system of slavery (chattel slavery) widely used by 1700s
- demand for labor on sugar plantations led to chattel slavery
- racism allows to control and justify slavery
- chattel slavery led to racism; racism did not lead to chattel slavery
- laws were put into place to keep slaves apart and control them 🟰 avoid rebellion
Bacon’s Rebellion
- Virginia
- small elite, many poor
- aristocratic order: a govt by the small priveleged class
- governor - Willian Berkely
- difference in wealth and power between rich and poor was increasing ⬆️
- violence increasing ⬆️and tensions with colonists and Indians ⬆️
- Bacon feared unity w/ tribes and attacked them
- Berkely believed that they needed friendly tribes for protection
- Bacon marched with Africans, slaves, poor whites and set the town on fire
- the crown sent 1,000 troops
- most rebels surrendered and pardoned
Main reasons for rebellion:
* wanted equal treatment for lower class
* wanted to kill Indians and take their land
Quakers
- a peaceful religious group of dissenters from England
- protestant
- Pennsylvania
- led by William Penn
Praying towns
- towns where English colonists taught Natives the Puritan religion
Beaver Wars
(not in my notes, but it’s on the study guide)
- wars fought over beaver pelts
- very luxurious item
- between Iroquois Confederacy and Algonquian-speaking tribes
Halfway Covenant
- allowed baptized adults to be able to baptize their children
- encouraged people to work for the benefit of the church
- created more of an inclusive society
