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apush - period 2, part 1 > key terms > Flashcards

key terms Flashcards

1
Q

French & Dutch colonization

In relation to key concept

Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives

A
  • relied on trade alliances & intermarriages with American Indians
  • Helped build economic & diplomatic relationships ➡️ helped gain furs and other products for export to Europe ➡️ better economy
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2
Q

English colonization

in relation to key concept

Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives

A
  • families were moving to colonies (permanent settlement)
  • often wanted economic improvement, religious freedom, better living conditions
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3
Q

Spanish colonization

in relation to key concept

Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives

A
  • goal: extracting wealth from land (mineral wealth = gold)
  • systems of subjugating native populations, converting them to Christianity (encomienda system)
  • incorporated Natives and Africans into Spanish colonial society
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4
Q

New England colonies

in relation to key concept

Key concept: What were the primary environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors that contributed to the regional differences in the development of early British colonies?

A
  • initially settled by Puritans
  • small towns with family farms
  • mixed economy of agriculture & commerce
  • included NH, RI, CI, Mass Bay, Plymouth
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5
Q

Chesapeake colonies

in relation to key concepts

Key concept: What were the primary environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors that contributed to the regional differences in the development of early British colonies?

A
  • exported tobacco
  • needed labor ➡️initially white, male indentured servants; later, enslaved Africans
  • included VA & MD
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6
Q

British West Indies

A
  • based on agriculture due to climate
  • tobacco and sugar = $$$
  • lots of african slaves
  • chattel slavery/slave codes
  • SUGAR PLANTATIONS
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7
Q

Indentured Servants

A
  • working to pay off cost of travel from Europe to America
  • some came seeking better life
  • some came as alternative prison in England
  • ultimately set free after some time
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8
Q

Puritan

A
  • wanted more change in Protestantism
  • came to Mass Bay
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9
Q

Predestination (Calvinism)

A
  • believed that “everything happens for a reason” / “God makes everything happen”
  • used this to justify bad and good things that happened at the colonies
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10
Q

Uprising of 1622

A
  • Natives attacked Jamestown
  • killed 1/3 of English population there
  • changed dynamic between Natives and English
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11
Q

“City upon a hill”

A
  • Puritans believed that they were the “model” for the Anglican church in England
  • John Winthrop says this
  • wanted everyone to see Puritans as an “example” for what they should be
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12
Q

Pilgrim

A
  • Separatists
  • wanted to form separate religious community from Anglicanism
  • settled in Plymouth in 1620
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13
Q

Mayflower Compact

A
  • agreed to form a government
  • “our better ordering & preservation” - goal: permanent settlement
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14
Q

Maryland Toleration Act

A

1649 - granted freedom of worship to all Christians

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15
Q

Headright system

A
  • investors often paid for an immigrant to move to the colony
  • the settler got a certain amount of land to work on
  • became motivation for ppl to come to Virginia / Maryland
  • led to more workers on the colony - grew tobacco production
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16
Q

House of Burgesses

A
  • representative assembly in Virginia
  • first elected legislative body in the English colonies
17
Q

Pope’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt)

A
  • 1680 - rebellion led by Popé in New Mexico
  • rebelled because of harsh labor and religious repression (effects of encomienda system)
  • killed nearlly all Spanish on ranches and farms ➡️ Governor Otermin retreated to Mexico w/ survivors
  • took 12 yrs for Spanish to regain control of New Mexico
18
Q

black robes

(wasn’t in my notes, but it was on the study guide ???)

A
  • some natives called the European missionaries “black robes” when they tried to convert them

(I got this off of google - I have no clue if it is right)

19
Q

Missionaries

A

people who tried to convert others to Christianity

20
Q

Mercantalism

A

competition for land
(land = resources = money = power ‼️)

21
Q

Pequot War

A
  • English wanted to expand territory and attacked the Pequots (main goal: wanted land )
  • 400 pequots were killed
  • Pequots = from CT
22
Q

King Philip’s War

A
  • tensions increasing between English and Indians
  • English = wanted to convert Indians
  • Indians = resented missionaries
  • English community was growing ➡️ conflict over land
  • English won the war with the help of other Indian tribes (Mohawk)
  • Natives wanted to help them for protection in return
23
Q

Iroquois

A

traded with the English colonists for fur

24
Q

“well ordered community”

A
  • only those recognized as true believers could join the church
  • only church members could vote
  • church and state = INTERTWINED
25
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A
  • dissenter
  • Puritan
  • had her own interpretation of the bible ➡️ kicked out of the colony
26
Q

Roger Williams

A
  • believed in separation of Church and State
  • created new colony in RI (Providence)
  • Providence = 1st colony to separate church and state (1636)
  • a place for religious dissenters
  • colony had religious freedom
27
Q

Town Meetings

A
  • Puritan town meetings - only the “saved” voted
  • was in the “best interested of the community”
28
Q

Chattel Slavery

A
  • Race based system of slavery (chattel slavery) widely used by 1700s
  • demand for labor on sugar plantations led to chattel slavery
  • racism allows to control and justify slavery
  • chattel slavery led to racism; racism did not lead to chattel slavery
  • laws were put into place to keep slaves apart and control them 🟰 avoid rebellion
29
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A
  • Virginia
  • small elite, many poor
  • aristocratic order: a govt by the small priveleged class
  • governor - Willian Berkely
  • difference in wealth and power between rich and poor was increasing ⬆️
  • violence increasing ⬆️and tensions with colonists and Indians ⬆️
  • Bacon feared unity w/ tribes and attacked them
  • Berkely believed that they needed friendly tribes for protection
  • Bacon marched with Africans, slaves, poor whites and set the town on fire
  • the crown sent 1,000 troops
  • most rebels surrendered and pardoned

Main reasons for rebellion:
* wanted equal treatment for lower class
* wanted to kill Indians and take their land

30
Q

Quakers

A
  • a peaceful religious group of dissenters from England
  • protestant
  • Pennsylvania
  • led by William Penn
31
Q

Praying towns

A
  • towns where English colonists taught Natives the Puritan religion
32
Q

Beaver Wars

(not in my notes, but it’s on the study guide)

A
  • wars fought over beaver pelts
  • very luxurious item
  • between Iroquois Confederacy and Algonquian-speaking tribes
33
Q

Halfway Covenant

A
  • allowed baptized adults to be able to baptize their children
  • encouraged people to work for the benefit of the church
  • created more of an inclusive society

apush - period 2, part 1 (3 decks)

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