key concepts

Question 1

Compare and contrast Spanish, French, Dutch, and English Colonization efforts

(from big idea / key concept in study guide)

Answer 1

• Spanish :
• Goals of extracting wealth from land led to systems to:
• Encomienda = used natives for labor
• Slavery = africans for labor
• Caste system
• Wanted to convert Natives to Christianity
• Spanish = subjugated Natives
• French :
• Relied on trade alliances & intermarriages with American Indians
• Were initially looking for a water passage to Asia
• French had a greater interest in trade rather than conquest - fur
• English:
• Went to colonies with families to make homes
• Wanted economic improvement, religious freedom, better living conditions
• Expelled Natives
• Dutch:
• Also looking for a water passage to Asia
• Goals: economic
• New Amsterdam = Trading hub attracted other traders
• No interest in converting Natives to protestantism

Question 2

Compare and contrast Chesapeake and New England settlements

(I put the other ones in there just in case - from the key concepts)

Answer 2

• New England:
• initially settled by Puritans
• small towns with family farms
• mixed economy of agriculture & commerce
• included NH, RI, CI, Mass Bay, Plymouth
• Middle :
• export economy based on cereal crops
• attracted a broad range of European migrants, which led to societies with more diversity and tolerance, especially regarding ethnicity and religion
• included NY, NJ, PA, DE
• Chesapeake:
• exported tobacco
• Virginia - initially settled for economic benefit, not religion
• needed labor ➡️initially white, male indentured servants; later, enslaved Africans
• VA & MD
• Southern:
• southern & british west indies
• plantation economies
• depended on labor of African slaves

Question 3

Evaluate the extent to which religion played a role in the development of the English colonies

Answer 3

• Very extremely integrated into society and government in New England
• Caused a lot of conflict with Natives b/c they were trying to convert them
• Caused the formation of new colonies because people persecuted from both England and Mass Bay established new colonies
• ex) Puritans / Pilgrims from England
• ex) Roger Williams in Providence – separation of church and state - became the basis of USA in the future

Question 4

Evaluate the extent to which the English government played a role in regulating the American colonies (be sure to understand the context for this as well)

Answer 4

• English government had a relatively small role in regulating the American colonies
• Distance = very far away from the colonies ➡️could not be as active in regulating American colonies
• Made the English colonists create their own government in the colonies to have some sense of authority (Oddly democratic)

Question 5

Evaluate the relationship between Natives and European colonizers (be sure to differentiate between Spanish, French, Dutch and English). Was the relationship one of conflict or accommodation?

Answer 5

• Spain
• Caste system
• Thought Native Americans only good for labor and religious conversion
• Pueblo Revolt
• Subjugated Indians
• Conflict
• English
• Not interested in intermarrying (came w/ families)
• Beginning = coexisted peacefully Natives
• English => provided manufactured goods
• Natives => taught them farming and hunting techniques
• European population grew = needed more land = conflict grew w/ Natives
• King Philip’s War = started because of English taking their land
• English allied with Native tribe Mohawk and ended King Philip’s war by killing KP
• Main point: English needed more land from Natives, so they forced them out (DIFFERENCE FROM SPANISH)
• Accommodation for a while, but then conflict
• French
• Less invasive in the Americas
• Saw them as trade partners
• Married with Natives to establish trade relationships
• Accommodation !