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Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Mixed Scanning

A

Amitai Etzioni introduced the concept of mixed scanning as a compromise between rational and incremental planning theories. Mixed scanning views planning decisions at two levels: the big picture and the small picture.

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2
Q

Charles Lindblom

A

Incremental Planning dude - “mutual adjustment” wrote “The Science of Muddling Through”

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3
Q

Advisory Plebiscite

A

Referendum - an unofficial vote to see how people are feeling on an issue

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4
Q

Delphi Method

A

The Delphi Technique or Delphi Process is the name applied to a process used to attain a consensus from a group of experts. Delphi replaces direct confrontation and debate with a carefully planned, orderly program of sequential discussions.

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5
Q

Cohort Survival Method

A

5 year increments using birth and death

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6
Q

Regional Council

A

Same as Council of Governments - A COG or regional council is a multi-service entity with state- and locally-defined boundaries that delivers a variety of federal, state, and local programs while carrying out its function as a planning organization, technical assistance provider, and “visionary” to its member local governments. responsible to local governments

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7
Q

Fishbowl Method

A

Small group conversations

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8
Q

Adverse Possession

A

Person in possession of land owned by someone else gets the title

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9
Q

Prescriptive Easement

A
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10
Q

Arbitration

A

third party, legally binding result, good for unions

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11
Q

Property Tax

A

Value of real property based

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12
Q

Personal Property Tax

A

tax based on other things people own like a boat

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13
Q

Beneficiary Assessment

A

used by World Bank to see how project will impact people

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14
Q

Community Benefit Agreement (CBA)

A

Related to one project can have to do with hiring quotas, contracts, e.g. Staples Center

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15
Q

STELLA

A

Computer aided negotiation tool - models to be developed and alternatives explored

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16
Q

Participatory Technology Assessment

A
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17
Q

Groupware

A
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18
Q

Correlation

A

Strong -> +/- 1 and weak is closer to 0

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19
Q

Impact Fees

A

Impact fee is to create adequate public facilities not improving them for a new development

Nollan: nexus between public improvement and dev impact

Dolan: Amount charges proportionate to impact

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20
Q

Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)

A

NEPA, Clean Air and Clean Water Act, Farm Bill Conservation

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21
Q

Creative Placemaking

A

Creative placemaking integrates arts, culture, and design activities into efforts that strengthen communities.

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22
Q

Critical Path Method

A

project management like PERT- project planning tool that works well when there are multiple activities and in which some of the activities cannot start until others are complete.

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23
Q

ZBB

A

zero based budgeting - starts from a “zero base,” and every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs - decision packages

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24
Q

Regional Planning Examples

A

Portland, Columbus, Phoenix

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25
Q

Daniel Burnham

A

“Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men’s blood and probably themselves will not be realized.”

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26
Q

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

A

PM technique based on activity completion time - Each activity is assigned a best, worst, and most probable completion time estimate.

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27
Q

Nominal Group Technique

A

Brainstorming with team participation - group to share their ideas but to come to solution quickly (when tight for time) - particular form of brainstorming that aids team participation. Stages in the technique include problem clarification, silent idea generation, round robin idea collection, grouping, and ranking.

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28
Q

Citizen Control

A

Sherry Arnstein the top rung where residents can govern themselves

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29
Q

Dillon’s Rule

A

Local governments are not provided with authority absent an express delegation of power from the state. (40 states use this vs Home Rule)

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30
Q

Input Output Analysis

A

is a form of macroeconomic analysis based on the interdependencies between different economic sectors or industries. It has a number of uses, including estimating employment change. finding an employment mulitplier

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31
Q

Economic Base Analysis

A

Economic base analysis looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities are those that can be exported, such as automotive manufacturing. Developed as part of the Regional Plan of New York and its Environs in 1928

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32
Q

Edward Bassett

A

NYC Zoning Ordinance 1916 - “Father of Zoning”

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33
Q

About _____ percent of electricity go towards heating/cooling/lighting buildings

A

75

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34
Q

Eminent Domain

A

Eminent domain provides governments with the power to take private land for public use with fair compensation - 5th Amendment

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35
Q

Which is more work EA or EIS?

A

EIS

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36
Q

An EA results in what?

A

FONSI (Finding of No Significant Impact) or EIS

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37
Q

Equity

A

Being fair and impartial

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38
Q

Who to submit AICP complaints to?

A

AICP Ethics Officer

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39
Q

1956 Federal Highway Act

A

The 1956 Federal Highway Act created the highway system that links state capitals and most large cities, and it also created the Highway Trust Fund to finance highway building. Sources of revenue for the Highway Trust Fund include taxes collected from vehicle sales.

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40
Q

Federal Property Administration Act of 1949 -> GSA

A

The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 is a United States federal law that established the General Services Administration, which is responsible for managing, acquiring, and disposing of federal property.

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41
Q

Fire Rating is based on what?

A

Distance to nearest fire station and water availability

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42
Q

Southdale Center - Edina, Minnesota

A

Designed by Victor Gruen, it was the first indoor, climate-controlled regional mall built in the U.S.

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43
Q

Which city had the first metropolitan plan in the United States?

A

Chicago

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44
Q

Which city has the first comprehensive plan?

A

Cincinnati (Bettman and Segoe)

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45
Q

What city was first to pass a zoning ordinance?

A

San Francisco 1867

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46
Q

What city was first to adopt comprehensive zoning ordinance?

A

NYC 1916

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47
Q

What level is flood protection projects at?

A

National - US Army Corps of Engineers

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48
Q

New Urbanism likes…

A

Form based zoning

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49
Q

Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City

A

Limited dividend company, communal land ownership, increase land value, farmland using agricultural rate

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50
Q

George Pullman

A

Model company town, with housing, worker rebellion, not land use law

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51
Q

Georges-Eugene Haussmann

A

Modern Paris dude

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52
Q

Le Corbusier

A

Towers in park dude

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53
Q

Charles Garnier

A

Palace of Versailles, Casino of Monte Carlo, Paris Opera House

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54
Q

GI Bill

A

The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (better known as the G.I. Bill) provided for college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s) as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses.

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55
Q

Gross domestic product + income from abroad - income non residents

A

Gross National Product (location of ownership not production)

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56
Q

Great Streets

A

Streets designated by APA as part of the Great Places in America program

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57
Q

The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook

A

The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook and its accompanying User Manual are the culmination of APA’s seven-year Growing Smart project, an effort to draft the next generation of model planning and zoning legislation for the U.S.

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58
Q

Growth Management

A

The regulation of the character, location, and timing of development

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59
Q

Concurrency

A

The sequencing of growth to ensure adequate infrastructure is in place

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60
Q

Special District

A

The adjustment of tax rates to pay for enhanced services

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61
Q

Harland Bartholomew

A

Newark, NJ first full time city planner, wrote a comp plan for St.Louis

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62
Q

Fair Housing Act

A

Part of Civil Rights Act - Zoning and subdivision regulations can contain measures that conflict with federal protections under the Fair Housing Act. Among the most common problems are ordinances restricting the number of unrelated individuals who may occupy a residence, standards for development that unduly restrict access by protected classes, and restrictions on supportive services provided within a residential unit.

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63
Q

National rate of homeownership

A

65%

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64
Q

HOPE VI

A

The HOPE VI program was a significant urban redevelopment effort in the U.S. that changed the way that HUD approached housing assistance for the poor. It did replace severely distressed public housing projects with redesigned mixed-income housing and provided housing vouchers for residents to seek housing on the private market. However, despite HOPE VI, many African Americans continue to live in sub-standard housing projects with uninhabitable units.

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65
Q

Hoshin Kanri

A

is a method for ensuring that the strategic goals drive progress and action at every level within that organization. The process includes establishing a vision, developing objectives, deploy annual objectives, implement objectives, and then review progress on a monthly and annual basis.

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66
Q

Hypothesis test

A

A hypothesis test is designed to reject a null hypothesis, but never to accept the alternative hypothesis.

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67
Q

John Snow

A

Cholera map London 1854 dot density map or later heat map

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68
Q

Cartogram

A

Thematic map that distorts the geography based on alternate variable

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69
Q

Lease Purchase

A

A lease-purchase allows for the rental of a building or property with the exclusive option to purchase at specified points in the agreement.

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70
Q

Linear programming

A

Determining an optimal solution in planning

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71
Q

CPM, PERT, Gantt

A

All scheduling tools

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72
Q

Location Quotient

A

regional/national employment if >1 exporter if <1 importer

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73
Q

LOS A

A

free flow

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74
Q

LOS F

A

any standstill

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75
Q

LOS D

A

High flow, a bit inconvenient but stable still

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76
Q

Manufactured Housing

A

63% of new manufactured homes are placed on private property and 37% are placed in manufactured home communities.

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77
Q

Marriage Rates

A

Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 51 percent in 2010

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78
Q

Metropolitan Statistical Area

A

MSA, over 388 currently, one urbanized core area with 50k or more pop - Central City, economic ties

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79
Q

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area

A

A geographic entity, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget for use by federal statistical agencies, based on the concept of two or more overlapping core areas with a large population nuclei that includes at least 1 million people.

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80
Q

Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act

A

MAP-21 provides funding for passenger rail, public transit, bicycle, and pedestrian paths

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81
Q

Oversampling

A

Oversampling in data analysis adjusts the class distribution of a data set (the ratio between the different classes/categories represented) so that groups who are not usually represented proportionally in research have an opportunity to be represented properly.

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82
Q

Primacy Effect

A

Primacy effect describes the tendency to choose earlier answers in a list of elaborated options.

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83
Q

Benefits of Closed Ended Questions

A

Easily summarized data, higher response rates, increase response specificity

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84
Q

Open-ended questions

A

Open-ended questions should ask for specific recommendations to specific questions or scenarios.

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85
Q

Shift Share

A

A shift-share analysis determines what portions of regional economic growth or decline can be attributed to national and regional economic and industry factors. The analysis helps identify industries where a regional economy has competitive advantages over the larger economy. To conduct a shift-share analysis, one must know the industry employment for the region and the nation Allocated expansion. Leading and lagging

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86
Q

Step Down

A

Going across scale for future estimates with current pop estimates - good for small regions

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87
Q

A rezoning…

A

is not involved in subdivision

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88
Q

Symptomatic Population Estimates

A

Symptomatic population estimates include using local data such as utility connections or building permits to estimate the current population.

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89
Q

Tax Increment Financing

A

TIFs are best used in blighted areas that have the potential for an increased tax base. A TIF is used to finance public improvements through the increase in tax value on the surrounding property.

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90
Q

LIHTC

A

Low Income Housing Tax Credit - 15 year compliance for units, 90% of construction funded this way, max rent based on AMI, LIHTCs provide a dollar-for-dollar tax reduction in a taxpayer’s federal income tax. Encourages the investment of private equity for developing affordable rental housing for low-income and very low-income households. It does this by awarding tax credits to taxpayers who invest in multifamily rental housing that serves these low-income households

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91
Q

USGS Topos

A

What type of map uses scales of 1:25,000; 1:50,000; and 1:100,000?

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92
Q

Translational Research

A

Translational research aims to make findings from basic science useful for practical applications that enhance human health and well-being. It is practiced in a wide variety, of fields such as environmental science and the health, behavioral, and social sciences.

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93
Q

Triple bottom line

A

The triple bottom line is a business and planning concept that argues firms should not focus on profit alone (the “bottom line”) but should also value environmental and social externalities and benefits. It is also referred to by the “three Ps”: profit, people, and planet. Also environment, equity, economy

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94
Q

Urban Cluster

A

is an area with at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people and a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile. (added to 2000 Census)

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95
Q

Urban Service Limit Line

A

An Urban Service Limit Line is a boundary, sometimes parcel-specific, located to mark the outer limits beyond which urban development will not be allowed. It has the aim of discouraging urban sprawl by containing urban development during a specified period, and its location may be modified over time. An Urban Service Limit Line does not determine where public schools will be located.

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96
Q

Wagner Steagall Act (Housing Act of 1937)

A

The Wagner-Steagall Act of 1937 created a two-tiered policy of providing mortgage insurance to promote home ownership for the middle class, while creating public housing for the poor. The neighborhood composition rule created a class and race segregation. This means that public housing in white neighborhoods was reserved for white familie

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97
Q

Urbanized Area

A

An Urban Cluster is a densely settled territory that has at least 2,500 people but less than 50,000 and is new for Census 2000.

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98
Q

Urban Cluster

A

An Urbanized area (UA) is an area consisting of a central place and adjacent territory with a general population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile of land area. This land area has a minimum residential population of at least 50,000 people.

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99
Q

PERT

A

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a scheduling technique. It graphically depicts the interrelationships of the tasks that make up the project. It is used to help control the cost and time of a project. Five main points of PERT are: 1) focuses of key aspects of program development. 2) Identifies potential problems 3) facilitates evaluation of programming 4) provides a speedy reporting device 5) improves the quality management of the decision-making. when TIME important

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100
Q

Sherry Arnstein Ladder

A

Manipulation -> Therapy -> Informing -> Consultation -> Placation -> Parternship -> Delegate Power -> Citizen Control (Non participation, tokenism, citizen power)

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101
Q

Capitalization Rate

A

Net income/total purchase price value (the rate of return based on income)

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102
Q

What is the smallest Census geographic unit for which the Census Bureau collects 100-percent data?

A

census block* - block group - tract

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103
Q

Charrette

A

Doesn’t need licensed architect - issues include incomplete info, not the right stakeholders, lack of commitment to outcome - best for project that will impact people and they will see and interact with -> part of smart code planning process

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104
Q

Performance budgeting

A

ties budget to performance objectives

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105
Q

Planning Programming Budget System

A

PPBS is about linking planning and budgeting and making the budget reflect objectives, strategies, and plans, more focus on planning than just budgeting

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106
Q

Capital Improvement Plan

A

5-7 years, can include operating and long term maintenance costs (planning and funding public facilities and infrastructure) so big things like land acquisitions and concurrency

107
Q

Climate resiliency efforts

A

Address short term and long term efforts although not well funded - most funds go to immediate disaster recovery

108
Q

Comprehensive Plan

A

20 years usually, has land use, transit, housing -> zoning is a tool for comprehensive plan implementation but not in it

109
Q

Roadway connectivity index

A

density of connections in a road network and the directness of links. A well-connected road has many short links and intersections, with minimal dead ends. As the connectivity increases, travelers have more route options and more direct travel between destinations. High = more connected

110
Q

Mediation

A

more for large group

111
Q

Cost Revenue Analysis

A

Also fiscal impact analysis - need revenues and expenditures -> specific program of thing not super general

112
Q

Coupon rate

A

annual rate of interests pain on a bond

113
Q

SmartCode

A

form based code based on new urbanist principles - bring in the charrette

114
Q

When does driving retirement typically occur?

A

10 years before end of life

115
Q

Necessity

A

According to the common law doctrine, an easement by necessity is used to allow a landlocked landowner to access a public roadway over another’s private land when no other relief is feasible.

116
Q

Inverse condemnation

A

Inverse condemnation is a remedy for property owners when a government takes or damages a property for public use without having brought an eminent domain proceeding. To successfully bring an action for inverse condemnation, the property owner must show that the a government’s taking has failed to promote substantial governmental interests or has deprived the owner of the economic value of their property.

117
Q

Economic forecasting

A

used to provide basis for land use decision particularly commercial

118
Q

Scoping

A

The Scoping Report (including Plan of Study for Environmental Impact Assessment) requires descriptions of the proposed activity, any feasible and reasonable alternatives, the property and the environment that might be affected, and the manner in which the biological, social, economic, and cultural aspects of the environment may be impacted by the proposed activity. The Scoping Report will also detail the public participation process undertaken.

119
Q

Miami 21

A

Miami 21 is a form-based code, guided by the tenants of Smart Growth and New Urbanism

120
Q

Grading Plan

A

Need topographic map - how stormwater will run off the property

121
Q

Average size of grocery store

A

60,000+ square feet

122
Q

Average size of restaurant

A

5000 square feet

123
Q

Average size of department store

A

150,000 square feet

124
Q

Average size of discount store

A

175k square feet

125
Q

Satisficing

A

Herbert Simon - make satisfactory choice instead of optimal

126
Q

John Friedmann

A

Urbanization research in China and economic development - founding planning professor at UCLA

127
Q

Principle cause of homelesseness

A

The principal cause of the increase in homelessness were cuts in federal aid programs. The AFDC (Aid to Famliies with Dependent Children) program was replaced with the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families. This program helps only a portion of the families that AFDC reached. The amount paid to persons receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) has not increased at a rate that keeps up with the cost of living. The SSI payment, which supports the disabled, is less than the average monthly rent for a studio apartment.

128
Q

Jane Addams

A

Social workers in 19th and early 20th century, established Hull House in Chicago to providing housing to low income people 1899, suffragette

129
Q

Flat organization

A

= more communication

130
Q

Management by Objectives (MBO)

A

process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are. The Management By Objectives term was first popularized by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book “The Practice of Management.”

131
Q

CPTED

A

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

132
Q

LBCS

A

Land Based Classification Standards - For local planning purposes, LBCS calls for classifying land uses in the following dimensions: Activity, Function, Structure Type, Site Development Character, and Ownership.

133
Q

Transportation Improvement Program

A

The Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) is a six-year financial program that describes the schedule for obligating federal funds to state and local projects. The TIP contains funding information for all modes of transportation including roadway projects, as well as transit capital and operating costs.

134
Q

Land Value Capture

A

Land Value Capture is a method that helps finance public improvements by capturing some of the value that typically accrues to property located near such improvements.

135
Q

Lawrence Veiller

A

led 1901 tenement reform in NYC

136
Q

Patrick Geddess

A

father of modern urban planning, scottish, regionalism movement

137
Q

Henri Lefebrve

A

right to the city

138
Q

public hearing

A

A public hearing includes a technical presentation, group Q&A, and a formal transcript.

139
Q

public meeting

A

less formal than above

140
Q

open house

A

An open house is less structured and does not involve a formal presentation. Open houses can include a series of less formal presentations or information displays with one-on-one Q&As between members of the planning department and interested residents.

141
Q

Robert Weaver

A

First African American in US Cabinet head of HUD

142
Q

Scoping

A

related to EIS

143
Q

Gompertz

A

The Gompertz curve or Gompertz function is a time series mathematical model in which growth is slowest at the start and end of a given time period

144
Q

3C’s of public engagement

A

Coalition building, Consensus building, and Conflict resolution

145
Q

Net Present Value

A

FV = (1+r)^years*PV

146
Q

UrbanSim

A

UrbanSim is a simulation modeling software that allows the ability to simulate the impacts of land use and transportation plans from a parcel to metropolitan area.

147
Q

Vested Rights

A

granted dev rights regardless of time period - The question is often framed in terms of whether the property owner’s right to develop has “vested” and cannot be taken away or changed by subsequent municipal action.

148
Q

Vieux Carre Commission

A

First Historic Preservation Commission - New Orleans

149
Q

Warren County

A

The environmental justice movement was launched into mainstream media attention in 1982, when predominantly Black residents of Warren County, North Carolina protested a state decision to dispose of toxic PCB waste near the county’s water supply. The over 500 arrests encouraged national efforts against racist siting practices.

150
Q

Wicked problem

A

A wicked problem is defined as a problem with multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests and no easy, single solution. Everything is a wicked problem lmaooo

151
Q

IWRM / One Water

A

Integrated Water Resource Management

152
Q

CPTE

A

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design - CPTED relies on three primary principles: 1) natural access control, 2) natural surveillance, and 3) territoriality. Related to New Urbanism

153
Q

Stafford Act (1988)

A

“was enacted to support state and local governments and their citizens when disasters overwhelm them. This law establishes a process for requesting and obtaining a Presidential disaster declaration, defines the type and scope of assistance available under the Stafford Act, and sets the conditions for obtaining that assistance.”

154
Q

SafeScape

A

Related to New Urbanism. An approach to designing communities that has the primary focus on creating a sense of community

155
Q

Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000

A

Changes to Stafford, that emphasizes the need for state, tribal, and local entities to closely coordinate mitigation planning and implementation efforts and links the planning requirements to eligibility for several categories of disaster recovery funding. Shift from response to mitigation like name suggests

156
Q

CII Act (2002)

A

Critical Infrastructure Information Act limits who has knowledge of info send to DHS (created in 2002) protects from FOIA

157
Q

National Flood Insurance Act of 1968

A

Title 8 of HUD Act of 1968, flood risk and insurance related to FEMA FIRM (Flood Insurance Rate Maps)

158
Q

Superfund

A

Polluter/property owner pays - federal cleanup program

159
Q

American Community Survey

A

only down to block group, census bureau only updates every 10 years

160
Q

Top 5 Household Surveys

A

Current Population Survey, American Household Survey, National Crime Victimization Survey, American Community Survey, National Health Interview Survey

161
Q

Consensus

A

mediation (for individuals)
but for a bigger group, usually around the environment

162
Q

What is the road speed of local roads?

A

25-35 mph

163
Q

Drosscape

A

an urban design framework that examines urbanized regions as the product of past economic and industrial processes. The concept focuses on the redesign and adaptive reuse of “waste landscapes” within regions.

164
Q

Predictive vs Descriptive Policy

A

before or after the policy

165
Q

Enterprise Fund

A

An enterprise fund is an account established to manage the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a golf course, zoo, parking garage, minor league baseball park etc. Fee is charged for goods or services.

166
Q

Special Revenue Funds

A

account for the proceeds of specific revenue sources. The fund is used to record the proceeds from specific revenue sources for which fund usage is restricted

167
Q

Executive Order 12898 (1994)

A

Clinton - stated that federal actions shall address environmental justice in minority and low-income populations. Every federal agency has as its mission to try to address environmental justice.

168
Q

Title VI of 1964 Civil Rights Act

A

prohibits intentional discrimination on the grounds of race, color, or national origin under any program receiving federal financial assistance

169
Q

Ethical firewall

A

creates wall between staff and the elected officials so no corruption or something in there

170
Q

GAM

A

Goals Achievement Method used in plan evaluation

171
Q

Federal definition of homeless person - not best in rural areas b/c lack of shelters

A

“lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence … and has a primary night residency that is: a shelter or a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.”

172
Q

How much owner occupied?

A

65% housing so like 2/3

173
Q

1949 Housing act

A

slum clearance funds, FHA mortgage insurance and money for 800k homes

174
Q

Housing Act 1954

A

urban renewal funds and federal assistance - Section 701 local comprehensive planning

175
Q

HOME -> HOPE VI

A

1990, 1992

176
Q

Developers responsibility for public internal infrastructure on its property

A

Not city yayyy

177
Q

James Rouse

A

Columbia Maryland designer

178
Q

Sierra Club

A

1892 John Muir, opposing high density in CA - largest env organization

179
Q

Father of modern housing code

A

Lawrence Veiller - laws for fire and running water, Tenement Exhibtion

180
Q

Lingle V Chevron overturns Agins Tiburoun

A

severity of burden rather than substanatiually advances

181
Q

LIHTC related to

A

Quality Affordable Plan

182
Q

Village of Mariemont

A

National Historic Land mark one of earliest garden cities with car in mind - John Nolen

183
Q

Multi-attribute Utility Analysis

A

for weight to be assigned the various values and for different alternatives to be evaluated.

184
Q

Micropoiltan statistical area

A

are urban areas in the United States based around an urban cluster (urban area) with a population of 10,000 to 49,999.

185
Q

Transportation planning is

A

continuing, cooperative, comprehensive

186
Q

Harvey Perloff and Banfield

A

Rational planning advocate

187
Q

1934 Indian Reorganization Act

A

organization and constitutions, Wheeler Howard act, economic foundation, decrease federal control

188
Q

Tribal Designated Statistical Area

A

TDSAs are a unit delineated by the Census in partnership with federally recognized tribes.

189
Q

New Markets Tax Credit Program

A

spurs business development by providing tax credit incentives to investors for equity investments in Community Development Entities

190
Q

Citizen Jury

A

engage randomized citizens on topic and get their opinions through deliberation

191
Q

Process Evaluation

A

collecting data at beginning and throughout to interrogate if participatory process was good

192
Q

Outcome Evaluation

A

collecting changes on how people engage with each other after public participation

193
Q

Ripple Effect Mapping

A

is a “method used in evaluation” to engage key stakeholders in assessing the impact of community engagement -> used in evaluation not an evaluation itself

194
Q

Parking space size

A

9 feet by 24 feet - around 400 square feet

195
Q

Pro forma

A

financial projection that includes an income statement for a real estate project that shows the capital cost, operating revenue and expenses, and return on investment for one or more years

196
Q

regressive

A

lower income pay more tax than higher

197
Q

progressive

A

higher income pay more than lower

198
Q

proportional tax

A

same rate for everyone

199
Q

tax increment

A

property tax from development generated

200
Q

Proportional Valuation Method

A

A fiscal analysis that estimates the average costs of the proposed office development is known as the Proportional Valuation Method. The proportional valuation method examines increases in community revenues and expenditures related to development. Proportional to land use and tax base

201
Q

Radburn NJ

A

Clarence Stein and Henry Wright garden city 1929 - 30k people and mixed use

202
Q

Range data appropriate for

A

interval and ratio

203
Q

Regression

A

relationship between two variables and the “degree” of influence

204
Q

Section 404 of Clean Water Act

A

run by Army Corp to regulated dredged or fill into water - not permitted if alternatives or really bad for water - protection of wetlands by report violation, education, and aquisition

205
Q

Spatial Justice

A

How our cities are organized has a significant bearing on whether people have access to what they need.

206
Q

Social Justice

A

People being able to realize their potential in the communities in which they live.

207
Q

Standard City Planning Enabling Act (1928)

A

Dept Commerce - Hoover

208
Q

Susan Fainstein Elements of Just CIty

A

Democracy, Equity and Diversity

209
Q

Third Places

A

Third places, sometimes referred to as third spaces) are the social spaces in between where people live (the first place) and where people work (the second place). These social spaces can include parks, cafes, museums and other types of locations in which people enjoy spending time as a community.

210
Q

Urban Cluster smaller than Urbanized Area

A

50k threshold, census tracts has around 4k people

211
Q

Equity Planning

A

Norman Krumholz, advanced the principle of working inside the government to address the needs of the under-served

212
Q

Participatory Budgeting

A

community members vote on capital budget priorities in their district, ward, or neighborhood service area

213
Q

Good customer service

A

has the potential to save on costs by lessening the need to constantly clean up problems and mistakes; also, it has the potential to save time

214
Q

Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949

A

established General Service Administration

215
Q

Federal Surplus Property Act (1944)

A

Disposal of Property

216
Q

FOIA

A

1967 federal FOIA, states and cities have varying policies

217
Q

Leader skills

A

political acumen, willingness to take appropriate risks, and advocacy

218
Q

Manager skills

A

attention to detail, deference to an existing power structure, and willingness to get to a clean resolution at the expense of the right resolution.

219
Q

Sector Theory

A

areas in a city develop in sectors along the lines of communication, from the central business district (CBD) outward. High-quality areas locate along roads; industrial sectors develop along canals and railways, away from high-quality housing; and working-class housing locates near industry.

220
Q

How many people are homeless on a given night?

A

half a million

221
Q

Inequity

A

Inequity is marked by the attributes of disproportionality and institutionalized inequity

222
Q

Multiplier analysis

A

jobs gained and lost - this many jobs for this amount of something

223
Q

The Great Inversion

A

poor suburbs and wealthy cities

224
Q

Special Assessment District

A

to fund a fixed price special project through property tax or something

225
Q

Special District

A

independent unit of local government often created by referendum and organized to perform government functions in a specific geographic area. They usually have the power to incur debt and levy taxes.

226
Q

T test

A

A t-test is a test on the difference in means between two subgroups.

227
Q

Appropriate engagement

A

Beginning - town hall, middle - open house, focus groups, end - public hearing

228
Q

Dams are built by

A

US Bureau of Reclamation

229
Q

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 was amended in 1972 and became known as the Clean Water Act.

A

Federal Water Pollution Control Act -> Clean Water (also passed in 72 Coastal Zone Management Act)

230
Q

Lingle vs Chevron overturns…

A

substantial advancement (reduces all value and has state value) found in Agins v Tiburon and returns to return on investment of Penn Central

231
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act

A

passed in 1990 includes protection for mental and physical disabilities and reasonable, public facilities must be accessible accommodations similar to civil rights act in 1964

232
Q

Broadband access

A

25% of Americans don’t have access to broadband

233
Q

Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit

A

5k - 9k people, 10 units per acre, school at center

234
Q

Columbia, Maryland

A

In 1963, the Rouse Company began the development of Columbia, Maryland. The 14,000-acre master planned development was developed to provide jobs, recreation, shopping, health care, and a mix of housing at different price points. The development was designed to create a jobs-housing balance.

235
Q

Land assembly

A

getting smaller parcels to make a bigger development area

236
Q

Concentric Zone Theory

A

The correct answer is invasion and succession. Concentric Circle theory, developed by Earnest Burgess in 1925, finds that growth happens by land uses expanding outward from one area to another. For example, downtown office towers expanding into a warehouse district.

237
Q

Enterprise fund

A

An enterprise fund is an account that manages the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a minor league baseball park, parking garage, or zoo.

238
Q

EJ is required in EIS for US DOT

A

General principles required as part of the EIS analysis are: Identification of Minority or Low-Income Populations, Public Participation, Numeric Analysis (that agencies should consider relevant demographic, public health and industry data), and Alternatives and Mitigation.

239
Q

Executive Director of APA

A

is the same person as the Ethics Officer

240
Q

Process (to what extent implementation questions i.e. how did it go tracked at beginning and throughout, Outcome (assesses change but not causality), Impact (change and causality)

A

evaluation design option for effectiveness of community engagement

241
Q

Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015)

A

seven goals including safety, infrastructure condition, congestion reduction, system reliability, freight movement & economic vitality, environmental sustainability and reduced project delivery delays

242
Q

Gen Y

A

also known as echo boomers and millennials, children of baby boomers 1980- 1995 between X and Z

243
Q

Performance Management Plan

A

for individual staff members not big agency goals

244
Q

HOME Program (1990)

A

The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (1990) created the HOME program. The HOME program provides block grants to local governments to increase the supply of affordable housing.

245
Q

Neighborhood Planning Process

A

I. Engage the public II. Define the problems III. Present the necessary information IV. Identify goals

246
Q

Peter Calthorpe

A

TOD, urban planner and founding member of Congress for new urbanism

247
Q

Push analysis

A

Sales capacity of a market area

248
Q

Real property

A

Real property consists of all land, structures, attached equipment, such as street lights, anything growing on the land, and all “interests” in the property, which ca include the right to future ownership, right to occupy for a period of time, the right to drill for oil, the right to get the property back if it is no longer used for its current purpose, use of airspace, or an easement across another’s property.

249
Q

ADT

A

Average Daily Traffic

250
Q

Adverse possession

A

a method of acquiring title to a property by possession for a period of time, based on statute.

251
Q

Homesteading

A

Vacancy, Occurs when the land has no legal owner or is owned by the government. The government allows homesteading with an expectation that the person occupying the property will undertake specific actions to gain the title.

252
Q

Relative affordability

A

The ratio of median housing price to median income is the preferred metric of the relative affordability of housing in a community.

253
Q

American Community Survey

A

It uses a series of monthly samples to produce annually updated estimates for census tracts and block groups

254
Q

Multi generational households in 2016

A

20%

255
Q

3 c’s of a staff report

A

compliance, consistency, compatability

256
Q

Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe

A

Started environmental justice grassroots movement after its success

257
Q

Transactive planning

A

one on one work with citizens

258
Q

Communicative Planning theory

A

consensus building

259
Q

Conservation zoning

A

requires the clustering of homes while preserving open space. The subdivisions can be designed to protect well water areas by placing septic systems in other areas.

260
Q

land capability analysis

A

assesses the suitability of land for development.

261
Q

Basis for land use law in US

A

Common law, the constitution, and statutes

262
Q

Planning cell

A

a deliberative method where randomly-selected, diverse participants collaborate on developing solutions to a given issue and report the resulting recommendations to the relevant decision-makers - rating alternatives against goals

263
Q

New regionalism

A

Emphasize the importance of bringing together regional stakeholders including public and private sectors

264
Q
A

Extra AICP (4 decks)

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