key terms 1.4-Managing People

Question 1

what is flexible workforce?

Answer 1

a workforce that can respond, in quantity and type, to change in market demand

Question 2

what is home working?

Answer 2

people who undertake their regular work from home

Question 3

what is multi-skilling?

Answer 3

the process of increasing the skills of employees

Question 4

what is zero-hour contracts?

Answer 4

a contract hat does not guarantee and particular number of hours’ work

Question 5

what is outsourcing?

Answer 5

getting other people or businesses to undertake work that was originally done in-house

Question 6

what are trade unions?

Answer 6

organisations of workers that exist to promote the interest of their members

Question 7

what is industrial action?

Answer 7

disruptive measures taken by workers to apply pressure on employers when disagreement cannot be resolved

Question 8

what is collective bargaining?

Answer 8

a method of determining conditions of work and terms of employment through negotiations between employee and employer representatives

Question 9

what is internal recruitment?

Answer 9

appointing workers from within the business

Question 10

what is external recruitment?

Answer 10

appointing workers from outside of the business

Question 11

what is a job description?

Answer 11

a document that shows clearly the tasks, duties and responsibilities expected of a worker for a particular job

Question 12

what is a person specification?

Answer 12

a person profile of the type of person needed to do a particular job

Question 13

what is s curriculum vitae (CV)?

Answer 13

a document that lists personal details, qualifications, work experience, referees and other info about the jobseeker

Question 14

what is training?

Answer 14

a process that involves increasing the knowledge and skills of a worker to enable them to do their jobs more effectively

Question 15

what is induction training?

Answer 15

training given to new employees when they first start a job

Question 16

what is on the job training?

Answer 16

training that takes place whilst doing work

Question 17

what is off the job training?

Answer 17

training that takes place away from the work area

Question 18

what is an organisation chart?

Answer 18

a diagram that shows the different job roles in a business and how they relate to each other

Question 19

what is hierarchy?

Answer 19

the order or levels of responsibility in an organisation from the lowest to the highest

Question 20

what is span of control?

Answer 20

the number of people a person is directly responsible for in a business

Question 21

what is chain of command?

Answer 21

the way authority and power is organised in an organisation

Question 22

what is delayering?

Answer 22

removing layers of management from the hierarchy of an organisation

Question 23

what are subordinates?

Answer 23

people in the hierarchy who work under the control of a senior worker

Question 24

what is delegation?

Answer 24

authority to pass down from superior to subordinate

Question 25

what is centralisation?

Answer 25

a type of business organisation where major decisions are made at the centre or core of the organisation and then passed down the chain of command

Question 26

what is motivation?

Answer 26

the desire to take action to achieve a goal/s

Question 27

What is Taylor's Scientific management?

Answer 27

a theory that suggests there's a 'best way' to perform work tasks

Question 28

what is Mayo's Hawthorne effect?

Answer 28

the idea that workers are motivated by recognition given to them as a group

Question 29

what is Maslow's Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 29

the order of people's needs starting with basic human requirements

Question 30

what is Herzberg's Motivators?

Answer 30

things at work that result in satisfaction

Question 31

what is Herzberg's Hygiene factors?

Answer 31

things at work that result in dissatisfaction

Question 32

what is empowerment?

Answer 32

giving official authority to employees to make decisions and control their own work activities

Question 33

what is consultation?

Answer 33

listening to the views of employees before making key decisions that affect them

Question 34

what is job enlargement?

Answer 34

giving an employee more work to do of a similar nature 'horizontally' extending their work role

Question 35

what is job enrichment?

Answer 35

giving employees greater responsibility and recognition by 'vertically' extending their work role

Question 36

what is job rotation?

Answer 36

the periodic changing of jobs or tasks

Question 37

what is self actualisation?

Answer 37

top level of Maslow's HoN where people realise their full potential

Question 38

what is team working?

Answer 38

organising people into working groups tat have a common aim

Question 39

what is a bonus?

Answer 39

a payment in addition to basic wages for reaching targets or in recognition for service

Question 40

what is commission?

Answer 40

percentage payment on a sale made to the salesperson

Question 41

what is performance related pay?

Answer 41

a payment system made for non-manual workers where pay increases are given if targets are met

Question 42

what are piece rates?

Answer 42

a payment system where employees are paid an agreed rate for every item produced

Question 43

what is profit sharing?

Answer 43

where workers are given a share of the profits, usually as part of their pay

Question 44

what is payment by results?

Answer 44

payment methods that reward workers for the quantity and quality of work they produce

Question 45

what is an autocratic leader?

Answer 45

a leadership style where a manager makes all the decisions without consultation

Question 46

what is a democratic leader?

Answer 46

a leadership style where managers allow others to participate in decision-making

Question 47

what is a paternalistic leader?

Answer 47

a leadership style where the leader makes decisions but takes into account the welfare of employees

Question 48

what is a laissez-faire leader?

Answer 48

a leadership style where employees are encouraged to make their own decisions within certain limits