Key Terms

Question 1

What is chronological age?

Answer 1

the age that correlates with birthdate.

Question 2

What is functional age?

Answer 2

the perceived age based on your physical function

Question 3

what is ageism? How is it seen?

Answer 3

describes the negative perception of older adults within society and is seen in three domains.
reinforcing stereotypes
portraying a negative attitude towards older adults
implementing unfair treatment as a result of age.

Question 4

What is physical activity?

Answer 4

any movement that results in energy expenditure. can be standing, raising hand, gardening.

Question 5

What is exercise?

Answer 5

planned exercise with a goal attached.

Question 6

What is sport?

Answer 6

Structured activity that has rules and a competitive aspect.

Question 7

What is physical function?

Answer 7

The ability to perform activities of daily living as normally expected according to a person’s age in order to live independently.

Question 8

What is physical function also known as?

Answer 8

disability, physical limitation, physical performance, physical capacity, functional status/independence, and physical ability/disability.

Question 9

What is frailty?

Answer 9

distinctive health state related to the aging process in which multiple body systems gradually lose their build in reserves.

no set definition. variables are considered to make diagnosis: disability, comorbidity, falls, hospitalizations, advanced age

Question 10

What symptoms suggest a state of frailty?

Answer 10

falls, mobility issues, delirium, incontinence, unintentional weight loss, reduced muscle growth, reduced gait speed, self-reported exhaustion, low energy expenditure. AGE.

Question 11

What is population aging? How is determined?

Answer 11

a process whereby populations transform from a younger to older age structure and the proportion this is of older age increases.
fertility and mortality.

Question 12

what is a demographic transition?

Answer 12

a way to describe or model shifts in population dynamics that have already occurred in some parts of the world or are predicted to occur in others.

Question 13

what is lifespan?

Answer 13

the maximum potential of the human species, or how long it is theoretically possible for a person to live.

Question 14

what is longevity?

Answer 14

the number of years a person in a particular society or country can expect to live.

Question 15

what is life expectancy?

Answer 15

average number of years lived by a population given a particular level of mortality; or
number of years an individual can expect to live, using age-specific mortality rates to assess the probability of dying at any age.

Question 16

what is compression of morbidity?

Answer 16

as time goes on the years of life expected to be lived with morbidity or disability becomes compressed into the very end of life. This decreases the proportion of life lived in unhealthy states.

Question 17

What is the expansion of morbidity?

Answer 17

suggests that despite medical science allowed longer lives, it has not done much regarding experience living with disease.

Question 18

What is walking cadence?

Answer 18

the measure of how many steps are taken per minute, which is relative to a person’s walking speed.

Question 19

what is sedentary behaviour?

Answer 19

any activity done at an energy expenditure of less than 1.5 METs in a sitting or reclining position.

Question 20

What is the recommended duration of PA for OA?

Answer 20

150-300 mins of moderate aerobic activity per week.

Question 21

What is the recommended intensity for PA for OA?

Answer 21

varies per person dependent on chronic conditions

Question 22

What are recommendations for progression ?

Answer 22

initiations of PA program should be 4-6weeks, adequate for light to moderate or vigorous bouts of PA.
follow up of 4-6 weeks to achieve comfortable maintenance level.
individual variability in OA fitness levels dictate rate of progression.

Question 23

what is senescence?

Answer 23

the gradual deterioration as a function of age.

Question 24

What is fat free mass?

Answer 24

anything that isn’t fat in the body: muscles, organs, water, bones, connective tissue

Question 25

what is hypertrophy?

Answer 25

muscle growth caused by repetitive stress and recovery

Question 26

what is atrophy?

Answer 26

the loss of muscle mass due to rate of protein degradation being faster than synthesis

Question 27

what is osteopenia?

Answer 27

a BMD between 1 and 2.5 SD

Question 28

what is osteoporosis?

Answer 28

BMD greater than 2.5 SD

Question 29

what is obesity?

Answer 29

those with a high percentage of body weight and a BMI over 30.

Question 30

what is sarcopenia?

Answer 30

the reduction of skeletal muscle mass and strength that is 2 SD below the muscle mass of an individual 20-30yrs