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Overview of Media Studies > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

The image a company constructs for itself through the use of logos, slogans and other marketing tools in order to appeal to an audience.

A

brand identity

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2
Q

The appearance of a media text on more than one platform; used to market a product like a film on the web, TV and newspapers.

A

cross-platform

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3
Q

The act of supporting or backing something.

A

endorsement

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4
Q

The purpose, attitude and beliefs of a person or an organisation.

A

ethos

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5
Q

When audiences use one platform to consume various types of media texts.

A

media convergence

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6
Q

Whether the content is video, audio, print based, or a combination such as a website or video game.

A

media format

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7
Q

Where a media text is presented; this can be TV, cinema, computer, games console, digital media player, smartphone, tablet, magazine, or newspaper

A

media platform

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8
Q

Any media product such as a TV programme, film, magazine, video game, newspaper, music track or album created for an audience.

A

media text

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9
Q

A small, narrow audience interested in a specific topic or theme - the opposite of a mass market audience.

A

niche audience

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10
Q

Media for the benefit of the public and not just for profit or commercial gain

A

public service broadcasting

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11
Q

A mobile phone with a powerful processor that is capable of running applications and accessing the internet.

A

smartphone

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12
Q

A computer device a little smaller than a laptop but with a built-in touchscreen, usually without a keyboard.

A

tablet

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13
Q

How much an audience liked or disliked a media text.

A

audience ratings

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14
Q

The image a company constructs for itself through the use of logos, slogans and other marketing tools in order to appeal to an audience.

A

brand identity

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15
Q

A plot device featuring a character in a perilous or difficult situation, used to ensure that an audience will return to see how the situation unfolds.

A

cliffhanger

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16
Q

Something, such as a TV programme, that has been ordered by someone else.

A

commissioned

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17
Q

Defines groups based on things like age, gender, income, education and occupation.

A

demographic profile

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18
Q

The most important and high profile media text a company creates.

A

flagship media

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19
Q

Constructed or produced according to a set of rules or particular style.

A

formulaic

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20
Q

Digital television channels available without a subscription fee

A

freeview

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21
Q

A type or category of media text; TV, film, magazines, newspapers, websites and video games are all examples.

A

genre

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22
Q

A word or phrase preceded by # (a hash sign) which is used on social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to identify messages on the same topic.

A

hashtag

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23
Q

A short piece which appears between programmes on TV or radio to inform the audience of the name of the channel or station.

A

ident

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24
Q

Codes embedded in media texts which include visual elements such as the camera angles, shots sizes and editing styles used in a film, or audio such as the voiceover in a nature documentary or music track in an advert.

A

media codes

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25
Q

Money made from a business.

A

revenue

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26
Q

A payment made, usually on a monthly basis, to a company to receive their content; this can be for TV services, films, newspapers, magazines or video games.

A

subscription fee

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27
Q

The specific audience group a media text is aimed at.

A

target audience

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28
Q

A short piece of media which advertises a media text - this can be for a film, TV programme or video game.

A

trailer

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29
Q

When a TV station broadcasts a media text, it is sometimes abbreviated to TX within media companies.

A

transmission

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30
Q

The overall concept or idea which sums up the programme - such as game show or reality show.

A

TV format

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31
Q

The time at which TV channels may start to show content that is unsuitable for children.

A

TV watershed

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32
Q

A hope or ambition in life

A

aspiration

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33
Q

An online publication written by an individual or a group of individuals that covers a subject of their choosing, a contraction of the term ‘web log’.

A

blog

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34
Q

Defines groups based on things like age, gender, income, education and occupation.

A

demographic profile

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35
Q

The study of population statistics. It measures trends and tracks changes in births, deaths and migration.

A

demographics

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36
Q

A version of a regularly published print text.

A

edition

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37
Q

When a media company can no longer exist due to financial or other problems.

A

fold

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38
Q

A set of ideas or thoughts that someone, or a group of people, believe in.

A

ideology

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39
Q

The widest possible audience available for a media text; Hollywood studio films, prime-time TV shows and tabloid newspapers target this.

A

mass market / mainstream audience

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40
Q

The ways in which a media text uses language to speak to its target audience - for example, formal or informal.

A

mode of address

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41
Q

An audio file, usually similar to a radio show, that can be streamed or downloaded to a computer or mobile device.

A

podcast

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42
Q

A subcategory within a particular genre.

A

subgenre

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43
Q

These are designed to be memorable or relate to something important about the product. They are often a play on words.

A

slogans

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44
Q

A unique and recognisable symbol which represents the product. Like the Nike ‘swoosh’ or the Apple ‘apple’.

A

logo

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45
Q

Promotion of something specific to the product like a ‘special ingredient’. This could be the ‘snap, crackle and pop’ used to promote Rice Krispies or the secret chicken recipe used to market KFC fast food.

A

USP (unique selling point)

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46
Q

Short, loud and concise - telling you the price of the product and why you need it - with as little information as possible.

A

hard sell

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47
Q

Promotes the product with an associated lifestyle or a mysterious story. This may have the audience wondering what the product is, right up until the final image. This technique is often used in ads for perfume or aftershave.

A

soft sell

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48
Q

Defining the product through a recognisable image or symbol – making the product design distinct to such a degree that it is so recognisable it almost sells itself, like a can of Coca-Cola.

A

icons

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49
Q

Showing how a product is used. This is often used in adverts for cleaning products or makeup.

A

product demonstration

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50
Q

This is usually in the form of hyperbole, to make the product seem more effective or desirable than it really is. For example: “Gillette: The best a man can get”.

A

persuasive language

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51
Q

This is how people or products are represented through camera angles or how the advert is edited. Adverts for luxury products, like expensive clothes, will often be edited to be slow paced and considered, whereas ads for fizzy drinks or sports clothing will have fast paced edits.

A

technical codes

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52
Q

These include dialogue, diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. Dialogue will usually be informative and catchy and might include a memorable slogan. Diegetic sounds include things like car engines or the crunch of someone eating cereal. Non-diegetic sounds include music soundtracks or jingles. Jingles are memorable and stick in our minds long after we’ve seen the advert, like “I’m lovin’ it” (McDonalds), or the Go Compare jingle sung by fictional opera singer, Gio Compare.

A

audio codes

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53
Q

Adverts that appear when using a specific web page. They often are competition related and offer prizes or discounts.

A

pop-ups

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54
Q

Adverts that appear when you close a web page.

A

pop-unders

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55
Q

Adverts placed on website, often at the top of sides. If you click on them, you are re-directed to the advertisers website.

A

web banner

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56
Q

This happens when advertisers have your email address and send adverts to your inbox. They may include special offers to encourage further purchases.

A

email marketing

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57
Q

These are adverts that are linked to internet searches you have made. If you have been looking for a specific pair of shoes online, adverts for these exact shoes will appear in your future searches.

A

contextual advertising

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58
Q

Companies often pay search engines to have their market presence rank higher on search results, this is to increase visibility of their products and services.

A

search engine marketing

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59
Q

Increasingly advertisers offer free products to online influencers who then test and talk about the products with their audience.

A

Influencer marketing

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60
Q

Most sought after in a particular area, usually applied to film actors.

A

A-list

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61
Q

Computer generated imagery used in films and TV.

A

CGI

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62
Q

Guidelines that ensure that the content of the film is age appropriate for the audience.

A

classification guidelines

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63
Q

Raising finance for a project by gathering sums of money from a large group of people.

A

crowdfunding

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64
Q

Authority to distribute a film or other media text in different countries and territories around the world.

A

distribution rights

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65
Q

A media text created with the intention of providing an escape from everyday reality for its audience.

A

escapist

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66
Q

A set of rules for producing a media text.

A

formula

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67
Q

When a conglomerate uses smaller independent companies to help with marketing, distribution or even the exhibition of a film

A

horizontal integration

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68
Q

An important subject or topic which causes debate and discussion.

A

issue

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69
Q

This is when a company makes several different types of media text based on one source material, for example the Batman comic books became a franchise featuring films, an animated TV series, video games and merchandise.

A

media franchise

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70
Q

Products or items for sale, or given away as part of a promotional campaign.

A

merchandise

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71
Q

Large and powerful businesses that sell products or services in different countries.

A

multinational corporation (MNC) / transnational corporation (TNC)

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72
Q

Content made available to view instantly via the internet.

A

on demand

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73
Q

Refers to the standard of in-vision elements like lighting, sets, costumes and more used in the production of a film, TV show or stage play.

A

production value

74
Q

A conventional and standard view of someone or a type of people.

A

stereotype

75
Q

A line of text on a film poster used to sum up the plot and sell the film.

A

tagline

76
Q

A very short piece of media content - often a film or TV trailer - used to market a media text.

A

teaser

77
Q

This use of all a media conglomerate’s companies to produce, promote, market, and distribute a film and its official merchandise

A

universal theme

78
Q

Content that becomes popular due to internet sharing.

A

viral

79
Q

The familiar tools used by media texts to communicate ideas through technical, visual and audio techniques

A

codes and conventions

80
Q

A set of rights that prevents people copying and distributing a piece of work without the copyright holder’s permission.

A

copyright

81
Q

The visual images and symbols used in a media text.

A

iconography

82
Q

Property that is not material but that belongs to someone. Examples are design ideas, copyright and patents.

A

intellectual property

83
Q

When someone matches their lip movements with a recorded song or audio piece to give the impression that they are actually performing it.

A

lip sync

84
Q

Items or objects kept because of their association with a famous event or person.

A

memorabilia

85
Q

The way the events in a story are put together and presented to the audience

A

narrative

86
Q

The time when audience figures are at their highest.

A

prime time

87
Q

The sum paid to the writer of a song every time it is performed publicly.

A

royalties

88
Q

A method of downloading digital media such as audio and video as a temporary file.

A

stream

89
Q

Someone who pays to receive regular deliveries of a product.

A

subscriber

90
Q

A smaller company either owned or controlled by a larger one.

A

subsidiary

91
Q

Repetition of a sound at the beginning of consecutive words, such as ‘the big, bold, blue sea.’

A

alliteration

92
Q

Prejudice or favour shown for one person, group, thing or opinion over another.

A

bias

93
Q

A payment made to someone in a position of power to get information from them or influence a decision.

A

bribe

94
Q

The number of copies of a newspaper that are distributed to newsagents and news stands on an average day.

A

circulation

95
Q

A set of rules on behaviour and responsibilities for a group of people or an organisation.

A

code of conduct

96
Q

A piece written in a newspaper, often by the editor, expressing the paper’s view on a current event.

A

editorial

97
Q

An opinion on an issue or event which is reflected in a media text’s coverage of it.

A

editorial stance

98
Q

Style applied to text, eg Times New Roman, Arial and Verdana

A

font

99
Q

The people responsible for deciding on the news agenda, they are usually the newspaper owner, the editor or senior journalists.

A

gatekeepers

100
Q

The way that a page or document is set out with specific places for pieces of text or images.

A

layout

101
Q

The passing of laws.

A

legislation

102
Q

The large font title at the top of a newspaper front page containing the newspaper’s title.

A

masthead

103
Q

Freelance photographers who pursue celebrities and other well known people in order to get pictures of them.

A

paparazzi

104
Q

A meeting organised by an individual or group of individuals where they will answer questions from a group of journalists or where they’ll make an announcement.

A

press conference

105
Q

Official written statements or information sent out by companies, organisations, government departments or individuals to the media.

A

press release

106
Q

A play on words, relying on similar sounding words or two meanings of one word.

A

pun

107
Q

The newspaper’s total circulation multiplied by the average number of people who read each copy. There are generally thought to be about 2.5 readers per publication.

A

readership

108
Q

A description of the appearance of something.

A

style

109
Q

Additional sections in a newspaper with a more specialised focus which can include magazines on culture, lifestyle and finance.

A

supplements

110
Q

Content written by journalists on a newspaper or magazine.

A

written copy

111
Q

Sets standards for television and radio shows which broadcasters have to follow.

A

broadcasting code

112
Q

Radio owned by private companies and usually funded by advertising.

A

commercial radio

113
Q

The normal standard practices for doing something.

A

convention

114
Q

The way words are spoken in a clear and precise way.

A

diction

115
Q

The overall design concept used by a magazine, website, or media company which includes logos, fonts, and colours.

A

house style

116
Q

When audiences use one platform to consume various types of media texts.

A

media convergence

117
Q

Stations which are unlicensed and are therefore transmitting illegally

A

pirate radio stations

118
Q

A method of downloading digital media such as audio and video as a temporary file.

A

stream

119
Q

A live presenter-led radio show which contains music, chat, guest interviews, an audience phone-in and competitions delivered in a spontaneous, comic way.

A

zoo format

120
Q

These are clearly displayed on a web page and are essential in guiding the user through the content contained on a site. When web designers are building a website, these are among the most important to get right.

A

navigational features

121
Q

This is the title or header image of a web page and it works in the same way as a newspaper masthead or magazine title. It aims to attract an audience and indicates the type of content available. It does this through choice of image and selection of font.

A

web banner

122
Q

These design options allow web designers to incorporate animations and interactive content into a website. A plug-in is required to view these features on a web browser. Many websites are moving away from this and using platform neutral technologies such as HTML5 instead. Some web browsers such as Chrome, have announced they are withdrawing from using these.

A

flash elements

123
Q

This is the use of images, video, text and audio on a website to present information in an engaging and effective way. These features can help make the content more entertaining and informative.

A

multimedia features

124
Q

When links direct a user to another page on the same website

A

internal links

125
Q

These allow the user to contribute to the website by taking part in forums, surveys, games, quizzes, or by commenting on an article. In turn, the audience may be inspired to produce blogs and vlogs using platforms like YouTube, Tumblr or WordPress, which encourage interactivity from site visitors.

A

interactive elements

126
Q

A scene or sequence in a video game that is not interactive.

A

cutscene

127
Q

Unofficial website set up by a fan of a particular media text.

A

fan site

128
Q

Words or expressions used by a particular group, such as gamers, that might be difficult for others outside that world to understand.

A

subject specific lexis

129
Q

A brief summary of a story or event.

A

synopsis

130
Q

A simulated world that exists only inside computer systems.

A

virtual world

131
Q

In media studies this is when the conventions of one genre are alluded to in another, or when a specific cultural reference is made in a media text.

A

intertextuality

132
Q

Laughter added to a programme in post production.

A

canned laughter

133
Q

Small advertisements in newspapers and magazines grouped according to categories.

A

classifieds

134
Q

The method of launching a new idea into the market. A new idea or way to do something.

A

innovation

135
Q

Everything included in a scene and how it is staged or arranged. This includes the setting, the props, the costumes, the lighting and the people or characters

A

mise-en-scène

136
Q

Sound which does not have a source on-screen, like a voice-over or music.

A

non-diegetic

137
Q

A drama set during a period in history.

A

period drama

138
Q

A small, remote-controlled aircraft which can be used for filming aerial shots.

A

drone

139
Q

A state of balance or calmness.

A

equilibrium

140
Q

A scene enacting something that happened in the past; the enactment of a character’s memory of a past event.

A

flashback

141
Q

A scene showing something that is yet to happen in a story.

A

flashforward

142
Q

The ending to a story.

A

resolution

143
Q

A vision; figment of the imagination.

A

hallucination

144
Q

Words that go along with images to give meaning to them in a specific context; includes captions in newspapers and taglines on film posters.

A

anchorage

145
Q

To remove the outer parts of an image in order focus on a particular aspect of it or change the overall shape.

A

crop

146
Q

Having the common features of a group or nation. Can be defined by culture, national customs, language or beliefs.

A

ethnicity

147
Q

Term used in media studies theory to describe how media texts portray women from a male perspective and in terms of men’s attitudes.

A

male gaze

148
Q

Describes the way of life, behaviours and beliefs of a particular group of people.

A

culture

149
Q

Describes how society has developed and how it is organised.

A

sociological

150
Q

An exaggerated characterisation of someone. A stereotype or archetype. Often used to mock or satirise a type of person.

A

caricature

151
Q

An amusing imitation.

A

parody

152
Q

The traditions and behaviours of a particular group of people.

A

custom

153
Q

The language of a particular subset of English speakers - often those living in a particular place - having its own unique diction, vocabulary, spelling and even grammar.

A

dialect

154
Q

To place two or more ideas/images close together to create further meaning for an audience.

A

juxtaposition

155
Q

A distinctive way of behaving, such as habitual gestures.

A

mannerism

156
Q

A system that recognises and respects the value of all cultures within a community/society.

A

multiculturalism

157
Q

Relating to functions and life processes in the body.

A

physiological

158
Q

This can mean physical characteristics that may be related to skin colour or other physiological features.

A

race

159
Q

Associated with business and profit.

A

commercial

160
Q

Categorising an audience by gender

A

gender profile

161
Q

The behaviour, habits, ideas and customs that are typical of a particular society.

A

lifestyles

162
Q

A pack containing information, images and other media, created to promote something. May be distributed to media outlets or advertisers.

A

press pack / media kit

163
Q

Using values, attitudes and personality traits to define or categorise a group.

A

psychometric

164
Q

An organisation which compiles audience numbers and television ratings.

A

Broadcasting Audience Research Board

165
Q

Lines of text on the front cover of a magazine that describe the contents of the articles inside.

A

cover line

166
Q

Common in thriller narratives as they entice the audience to watch through to the end by withholding key information until the climax.

A

enigma code

167
Q

When a media text targets a small very specific audience.

A

narrow casting

168
Q

An audience which accepts the messages encoded in a media text without challenge.

A

passing audience

169
Q

A line of text on a magazine front cover designed to be eye catching and encourage someone to buy.

A

sell line

170
Q

To label or add notes in detail.

A

annotate

171
Q

Data that cannot be shown in numbers, only words. For example, the colours of cars in a car park.

A

qualitative data

172
Q

Results that can be expressed using numerical values.

A

quantitative data

173
Q

The ways in which a media text portrays particular groups, ideas, or topics.

A

representation

174
Q

Sound which has a source on-screen, like dialogue.

A

diegetic

175
Q

Show understanding of how someone else feels.

A

empathise

176
Q

To follow a series of events in real time without the use of flashbacks or flash-forwards.

A

linear

177
Q

A disjointed narrative.

A

non-linear

178
Q

Turning the camera horizontally so that it sweeps around the scene. From the word panorama.

A

panning

179
Q

When the camera moves in from a long shot to a close-up or vice versa.

A

zooming

180
Q

Ensuring consistency of objects, costumes and places on screen throughout filming, particularly after a break.

A

continuity

181
Q

Pre-production visit to a location to check suitability. Derived from the word reconnaissance.

A

recce

Overview of Media Studies (4 decks)

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