Industries Flashcards
What is the media industry?
A varied collection of organisations that share the production, publication and distribution of media texts.
What can media texts be used for?
Informing, entertaining, or promoting ideas or products
What is “traditional media” or “old media”?
Media industries that existed before the internet. Examples include radio, print, and television.
What is “new media”?
Media formats that have emerged since the rise of the internet. Examples include websites, blogs, online games, podcasts, and apps.
What is the difference between public service broadcasters and other organizations in the media industries?
Public service broadcasters do not have the goal of making money off of consumption.
What is the benefit of a specialist channel?
It allows a broadcaster to offer niche content to target audiences. (E.g., in addition to their main channel, a broadcaster has a specialist channel that airs content aimed at children.)
What is the most major factor in the price of advertising slots?
The day and time it goes out. Slots during peak viewing times when audience figures are at their highest will be the most expensive.
Who are the two groups that make television programs?
Television broadcasters and independent production companies
What is the Offensive Scheduling Technique?
Deliberately scheduling a show that differs to another channel’s offering in the same slot. Offensive scheduling is used when a channel is confident their programme will gain higher ratings than a programme on a rival channel.
What is the Defensive Scheduling Technique?
Defensive scheduling is when a channel recognises a rival channel’s programme will gain higher ratings and schedules a programme of minority appeal instead.
What is the Pre-Echo Scheduling Technique?
Putting a new or less popular show on before an already popular show to attempt to gain viewers who have tuned in early.
What is the Inheritance Scheduling Technique?
Placing a new or less popular show after a popular show to retain viewers after the previous programme has finished.
What is the Hammocking Scheduling Technique?
Putting a new show in between two popular shows in the hope that the viewers will not change the channel.
What is the Stripping Scheduling Technique?
Scheduling a show in the same time slot every day.
What is the Zoning Scheduling Technique?
Scheduling programmes of a similar genre one after the other on a particular channel to maintain an audience of fans of that genre.
What is the purpose of a general trailer?
It expresses the brand identity and range of programming of a channel.
What are verbal codes?
Any use of language, written or spoken, in the media text.
What are technical codes?
All technical processes used to create the media text, such as the type of shots used, camera movement, camera angles and framing, and how the media text is edited.
What are symbolic codes?
Cultural symbols embedded in the mise-en-scène.
What is mise-en-scène?
Elements that constitute the visual representation of the media text, such as settings, costumes, lighting, soundtrack, and the body language of the actors. All these elements are used to convey meaning to the audience.
What is the job of a television regulator?
To examine complaints by viewers or listeners of channels it has licensed to broadcast to establish if the broadcasting code has been breached. This ensures that a wide range of different TV shows are available, audiences are protected against harmful or offensive material, and participants in television shows are protected from unfairness and loss of privacy.
What is the purpose of a magazine having different editions?
It allows a publisher to focus its content on target audiences in any specific region of the world.
What is on a magazine’s content page?
A list all of its content including regular pages and special features.
What is the difference between a regular page and a special feature?
A regular page will be found in every edition in the same place. Special features can vary.
Why is the blogging industry threatening the magazine industry?
Blogs contain a lot of the same content that would typically be found in magazines, but they are usually available for free.
What can be found in online magazines that can not be found in print magazines?
Interactive features.
What is the benefit of re-inventing a brand identity?
It can attract a new audience or bring back an declining audience
What is the drawback of re-inventing a brand identity?
It is less recognizable to existing audiences.
What are the differences between a studio film and an independent film?
Studio films have large budgets, high production values, and famous actors. They are made by major Hollywood Studios. Independent films have smaller budgets which tends to lead to lower production values and less known actors.
What are the common markers of a major Hollywood film?
Stereotypical archetypes, easy to follow narratives, universal themes, high drama, events and situations unlikely to happen in day to day life.
What are the common markers of an independent film?
Challenging and realistic storylines, plots aimed to make you think about certain issues, varied genres and styles.
What is the main way independent films get exposure?
They are entered into film festivals.
What recent development has lead to higher production value in independent films?
Technological innovations, including better and more affordable cameras and computer software for special effects and editing.
What are the purposes of music videos?
Promote both album and single sales, Promote new artists to an audience and maintain an audience focus on an existing artist, Promote an image of an artist or band that is exciting and dynamic, Entertain the audience and encourage re-plays of the video, Create visual images that convey the meaning and story of the song
What is found in a Performance Music Video?
Footage of the artists performing
What does a Narrative Music Video do?
Tell the story of the song lyrics through technical codes and how the video is edited (although sometimes the narrative will cut back and forth between the actors playing roles and the music artist performing).
What are the four major record labels known as the Big Four?
EMI, Sony BMG, Universal Music Group, and Warner Music Group
What is a subsidiary label?
A record label that appears to be independent but is actually owned by large conglomerates.
How do record labels pay their artists?
They give them a percentage of the profits made from selling music to fans (known as royalties)
What is an A&R Manager responsible for?
Scouting talent and signing bands
What is a Marketing Manager or Promotions Manager responsible for?
Marketing promotional material for bands and artists
What is a Press Officer responsible for?
Press releases and responding to press enquiries about new releases from the record label
What is a Video Commissioner responsible for?
Commissioning directors to shoot music videos for bands and artists
What does a Distribution Team do?
Manage company sales to record stores and online music retailers
What is the major problem with streaming when it comes to payment of artists?
Royalties for the artists from streaming sites are small in comparison with digital downloads.
How is music most commonly listened to in the 2020s?
Through streaming services
What kind of newspaper is considered “image led”?
Tabloids
How do tabloids differ from other newspapers?
They use simpler language
What kind of newspaper is considered “text led”?
Broadsheets
What are the markers of a broadsheet?
Higher news content, lower circulation, and more in-depth analysis
What is the name given to articles written by journalists?
Copy
What must happen in the first paragraph of a copy?
The importance of the story must be establish in order to “hook” the reader. This is done by capturing the key points.
What is the purpose of a headline?
To attract the buyer’s attention
What differs between tabloid headlines and broadsheet headlines?
Tabloid headlines tend to be large and catchy and often use puns, rhyme, abbreviation, alliteration, even invented spellings. Broadsheet headlines are more serious and often longer.
What are the 10 factors that affect whether or not a news story will be run?
Recency, size, continuity, simplicity, inclusion of elite nations or people, predictability, unexpectedness, negativity, personality, and meaningfulness.
