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Airways II > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What tracheostomy technique is associated with increased incidence of stenosis?

A

A trach for the 2nd time.

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2
Q

A 64 y/o man with a total laryngectomy goes for a lap chole. What type of ETT should you use?

A

Anode tube

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3
Q

What device is most appropriate in this type of pulmonary disease? (don’t know what pic is)

A

ETT Not endobronchial, not LMA, not anode.

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4
Q

What type of poisoning would most likely be associated with a closed-space heater fire with incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide (CO)

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5
Q

What airway management is indicated for acute burn patients?

A

Intubation ASAP and secure the airway

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6
Q

Identify

A

Laryngoflex

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7
Q

Identify

A

Anode ETT, wire enforced

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8
Q

What are stay sutures?

A

They are placed into the tracheal wall to help identify stoma location after a tracheostomy.

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9
Q

How long are stay sutures left in place?

A

72 hours or 3 days

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10
Q

What would you expect in an achondroplastic dwarf related to his/her cervical spine?

A

Atlanto occipital subluxation

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11
Q

Label

A
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12
Q

What disease process is depicted?

What drug is most likely associated?

A

Ludwig’s angina

ACE inhibitors

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13
Q

What breath sound do you expect to hear with this image?

A

Rales with increased lung water.

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14
Q

How would you intubate this pt?

A

Nasal route

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15
Q

What is depicted?

A

Shiley uncuffed

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16
Q

What is depicted?

A

Shiley cuffed

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17
Q

What is depicted?

A

Fenestrated cuffed trach

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18
Q

What cranial nerve and what branches are being monitored?

What type of surgery is being performed?

A

Facial nerve, temporal, buccal branches

Parotidectomy

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19
Q

What is the incidence of angioedema in the US?

A

15%

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20
Q

What is depicted?

When is it contraindicated?

A

Williams airway

Anode ETT

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21
Q

What type of spinal anesthetic should be used for hip surgery in lateral decubitus position?

A

hypobaric tetracaine

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22
Q

What is the tracheostomy inner cannual circuit connection?

A

15mm

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23
Q

What sinus is involved in a blowout fracture?

A

Maxillary sinus

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24
Q

What is depicted?

What antihypertensive is most frequently associated with this condition?

A

Angioedema produced arteriolar dilation, venular inflammation. Located below the DERMIS

Ace inhibitors

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25
Q

What is depicted?

What type of surgery will this require?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Total laryngectomy

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26
Q

What is the inheritance pattern for achondroplastic dwarfism?

A

autosomal dominant

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27
Q

How do you induce a child with a foreign body in the airway?

What must you have available? (2)

A

Heliox and Sevo inhalational induction

Magill forceps and Atropine!

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28
Q

What is the spinal deformity with Marie-Strumpell disease?

A

Spondlyoarthropathy, fixed cervical spine

Aka, ankylosing spondylitis. It is a rheumatoid arthritis of the extremeties.

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29
Q

What are the most prevalent etiologies for angioedema?

A

Drug related (90%)

Inheritance, autosomal dominant

Females > males

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30
Q

What is the pathophysiology of angioedema?

A

Vasoactive mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and bradykinins cause angioedema.

Produces arteriolar dilation, venular inflammation, vascular leakage

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31
Q

What are the normal body components of an achondroplastic dwarf?

A

Normal trunk

Also have normal intelligence, longevity, and reproduction

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32
Q

What are abnormal body components of achondroplastic dwarf? (5)

A
  • Large head
  • Large mandible
  • Short maxilla
  • Premature c-spine fusion
  • Cervical instability
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33
Q

What is depicted?

What is the treatment?

A

Severe vocal cord granulomata

Laser surgery?

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34
Q

What condition would you expect pre-op hoarseness?

How would you manage the pt’s airway?

A

Acromegaly

Hoarseness due to decreased rotation and gliding or cricoarytenoid joints.

Do not upsize the tube for the trachea will be normal in size.

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35
Q

What laryngeal structures are made of hyaline cartilage?

A

Cricoid, Arytenoid, Thyroid

36
Q

What surgical areas require one lung management in thoracic surgery? (4)

A

Lungs
Bronchi
Pulmonary vessels
Chest wall–trauma, mediastinum, tumors

37
Q

What are non-thoracic surgerical areas requiring one lung management? (3)

A

Spine
Aorta
GI–esophagus, gastroesophageal junction

38
Q

What diseases require one lung management? (4)

A

Infection
Hemorrhage
Parenchyma
Interrupted airways–bronchopleural fistula

39
Q

What allows atlanto-occipital extension?

A

Pharyngeal alignment by tilting the head.

40
Q

How do you calculate lung compliance?

A

C = Tidal volume / (Paw - Ppleura)

41
Q

How do you calculate thoracic compliance?

A

Vt / (Ppleura - Patm)

42
Q

How do you calculate total lung-thorax compliance?

A

Vt / (Pend expiration - P end inspiration)

43
Q

How do CLT, CL, and CT relate to one another?

What are normal values for each?

A

1/ CLT = 1/CL + 1/CT

CLT = 100

CL = 200

CT = 200

44
Q

How do you calculate percent transmission of intrathoracic vascular pressures?

A

CL / (CL + CT)

45
Q

What action is most likely to produce iatrogenic retropharyngeal abscesses?

A

Failed NGT placement

46
Q

What is the age for end of development in humans?

A

7 y/o

47
Q

What ages result in the highest incidence of foreign body aspiration?

A

2-3 y/o

48
Q

FRC is decreased in geriatrics. True or false?

A

False.

49
Q

How do you examine the airway of post-irradiation patients?

A

Manual exam of larynx with swallowing

50
Q

Where does the eustachian tube drain?

A

nasopharynx

51
Q

What muscle of the tongue is responsible for depressing and protruding the tongue?

A

genioglossus

52
Q

What is depicted?

Name the parts.

A

Waldeyer’s ring

Palantine tonsils
Lingual
Adenoids
Nasopharyngeal

53
Q

What is the airway managment of a tonsillar abscess drainage?

A

GETA

Short acting NMB

Anode tube

54
Q

How do you manage a known case of angioedema?

A

Steroids 10 - 14 days

FFB w/in 24 hours of surgery

If undiagnosed, FFP ASAP!

55
Q

What sound is produced by an orificial airway lesion?

A

Stridor

56
Q

What sound is produced in asthma?

A

Wheezes

57
Q

Where is the glottis in an infant vs. an adult?

A

C3- C4

58
Q

The cricoid is the narrowest part in child until ___ y/o.

A

7

59
Q

What are complications associated with nasotracheal intubation? (7)

A

Infection
Sinusitis
Perichondritis
Epistaxis
Abrasion
Chondritis
Hemorrhage

60
Q

What are acute airway management complications?

A

Catheter placement was not confirmed (50%)

Began HPOV with misplaced catheter (25%)

Catheter was directed to the head.

61
Q

What are intermediate airway management complications?

A

Inadequate O2

Failed to recognize inadequate O2

Tried to perform HPOV with breathing circuit

Failed to maintain catheter position

62
Q

What is a long term airway management complication?

A

Barotrauma.

63
Q

What is a primary tracheostomy?

A

Done initially or within 24 hours of intubation.

64
Q

What is the incidence of hoarseness associated with intubation?

When is spontaneous resolution?

When should you follow up?

A

3%

1-3 days

1 week

65
Q

When do the following events occur due to prolonged intubation?

Ulceration
Granulomata
Cisatrical stenosis

A

> 72 hours

3-21 days

> 2 weeks

66
Q

What is this?

A

TMJ DJD

67
Q

What’s this?

A

Tonsillar abscess

68
Q

What’s this?

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

69
Q

How do you manage post-laryngectomy case?

A

Suture in laryngectomy tube, pt SV

70
Q

What should FiO2 be for laser surgery?

A

< 30%

71
Q

What laser is more superficial? Deep?

A

CO2

YAG

72
Q

What is the motor threshold for nerve stimulation?

A

15mA

73
Q

_____ RLN passes under aorta and hoarseness can occur w/ an aortic aneuysm

A

Left

74
Q

What is the most common cause of stridor in 2 y/o?

A

laryngomalacia

75
Q

What is compromised with poor head and neck alignment during lateral decubitus?

A

Vascularity is compromised.

76
Q

What is the pathophysiology of TMJ DD?

How do you intubate?

A

Pain during activity with limited mouth opening

Nasal intubation

77
Q

What is the airway management risk of neurofibromatosis?

A

Neuromas can be highly vascular.

Also alveolitis in 20%

78
Q

What’s this?

A

gingival hyperplasia with dilantin therapy

79
Q

What’s this?

A

Gingivitis

80
Q

What’s this?

A

Peridontitis

81
Q

What is normal thyromental distance?

A

> 6.5 cm

82
Q

What does the proximal limb of a montgomery t-tube do?

Distal?

A

Laryngeal, provides airflow

Tracheal, serves as a stent

It is used for long term airway managment giving stomal and suction access and phonation.

83
Q

What’s this?

A

leukoplakia

84
Q

Where will the vocal cords be with RLN injury?

Interruption?

A

Hoarseness toward midline

Paramedian

85
Q

What is the action of the tranverse arytenoideus?

A

ADduction

Airways II (27 decks)

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