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Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What tracheostomy technique is associated with increased incidence of stenosis?

A

A trach for the 2nd time.

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2
Q

A 64 y/o man with a total laryngectomy goes for a lap chole. What type of ETT should you use?

A

Anode tube

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3
Q

What device is most appropriate in this type of pulmonary disease? (don’t know what pic is)

A

ETT Not endobronchial, not LMA, not anode.

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4
Q

What type of poisoning would most likely be associated with a closed-space heater fire with incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide (CO)

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5
Q

What airway management is indicated for acute burn patients?

A

Intubation ASAP and secure the airway

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6
Q

Identify

A

Laryngoflex

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7
Q

Identify

A

Anode ETT, wire enforced

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8
Q

What are stay sutures?

A

They are placed into the tracheal wall to help identify stoma location after a tracheostomy.

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9
Q

How long are stay sutures left in place?

A

72 hours or 3 days

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10
Q

What would you expect in an achondroplastic dwarf related to his/her cervical spine?

A

Atlanto occipital subluxation

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11
Q

Label

A
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12
Q

What disease process is depicted?

What drug is most likely associated?

A

Ludwig’s angina

ACE inhibitors

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13
Q

What breath sound do you expect to hear with this image?

A

Rales with increased lung water.

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14
Q

How would you intubate this pt?

A

Nasal route

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15
Q

What is depicted?

A

Shiley uncuffed

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16
Q

What is depicted?

A

Shiley cuffed

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17
Q

What is depicted?

A

Fenestrated cuffed trach

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18
Q

What cranial nerve and what branches are being monitored?

What type of surgery is being performed?

A

Facial nerve, temporal, buccal branches

Parotidectomy

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19
Q

What is the incidence of angioedema in the US?

A

15%

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20
Q

What is depicted?

When is it contraindicated?

A

Williams airway

Anode ETT

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21
Q

What type of spinal anesthetic should be used for hip surgery in lateral decubitus position?

A

hypobaric tetracaine

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22
Q

What is the tracheostomy inner cannual circuit connection?

A

15mm

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23
Q

What sinus is involved in a blowout fracture?

A

Maxillary sinus

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24
Q

What is depicted?

What antihypertensive is most frequently associated with this condition?

A

Angioedema produced arteriolar dilation, venular inflammation. Located below the DERMIS

Ace inhibitors

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25
What is depicted? What type of surgery will this require?
Squamous cell carcinoma Total laryngectomy
26
What is the inheritance pattern for achondroplastic dwarfism?
autosomal dominant
27
How do you induce a child with a foreign body in the airway? What must you have available? (2)
Heliox and Sevo inhalational induction Magill forceps and Atropine!
28
What is the spinal deformity with Marie-Strumpell disease?
Spondlyoarthropathy, fixed cervical spine Aka, ankylosing spondylitis. It is a rheumatoid arthritis of the extremeties.
29
What are the most prevalent etiologies for angioedema?
Drug related (90%) Inheritance, autosomal dominant Females \> males
30
What is the pathophysiology of angioedema?
Vasoactive mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and bradykinins cause angioedema. Produces **arteriolar dilation, venular inflammation, vascular leakage**
31
What are the normal body components of an achondroplastic dwarf?
Normal trunk Also have normal intelligence, longevity, and reproduction
32
What are abnormal body components of achondroplastic dwarf? (5)
* Large head * Large mandible * Short maxilla * Premature c-spine fusion * Cervical instability
33
What is depicted? What is the treatment?
Severe vocal cord granulomata Laser surgery?
34
What condition would you expect pre-op hoarseness? How would you manage the pt's airway?
Acromegaly Hoarseness due to decreased rotation and gliding or cricoarytenoid joints. Do not upsize the tube for the trachea will be normal in size.
35
What laryngeal structures are made of hyaline cartilage?
Cricoid, Arytenoid, Thyroid
36
What surgical areas require one lung management in thoracic surgery? (4)
Lungs Bronchi Pulmonary vessels Chest wall--trauma, mediastinum, tumors
37
What are non-thoracic surgerical areas requiring one lung management? (3)
Spine Aorta GI--esophagus, gastroesophageal junction
38
What diseases require one lung management? (4)
Infection Hemorrhage Parenchyma Interrupted airways--bronchopleural fistula
39
What allows atlanto-occipital extension?
Pharyngeal alignment by tilting the head.
40
How do you calculate lung compliance?
C = Tidal volume / (Paw - Ppleura)
41
How do you calculate thoracic compliance?
Vt / (Ppleura - Patm)
42
How do you calculate total lung-thorax compliance?
Vt / (Pend expiration - P end inspiration)
43
How do CLT, CL, and CT relate to one another? What are normal values for each?
1/ CLT = 1/CL + 1/CT CLT = 100 CL = 200 CT = 200
44
How do you calculate percent transmission of intrathoracic vascular pressures?
CL / (CL + CT)
45
What action is most likely to produce iatrogenic retropharyngeal abscesses?
Failed NGT placement
46
What is the age for end of development in humans?
7 y/o
47
What ages result in the highest incidence of foreign body aspiration?
2-3 y/o
48
FRC is decreased in geriatrics. True or false?
False.
49
How do you examine the airway of post-irradiation patients?
Manual exam of larynx with swallowing
50
Where does the eustachian tube drain?
nasopharynx
51
What muscle of the tongue is responsible for depressing and protruding the tongue?
genioglossus
52
What is depicted? Name the parts.
Waldeyer's ring ## Footnote Palantine tonsils Lingual Adenoids Nasopharyngeal
53
What is the airway managment of a tonsillar abscess drainage?
GETA Short acting NMB Anode tube
54
How do you manage a known case of angioedema?
Steroids 10 - 14 days FFB w/in 24 hours of surgery If undiagnosed, FFP ASAP!
55
What sound is produced by an orificial airway lesion?
Stridor
56
What sound is produced in asthma?
Wheezes
57
Where is the glottis in an infant vs. an adult?
C3- C4
58
The cricoid is the narrowest part in child until ___ y/o.
7
59
What are complications associated with nasotracheal intubation? (7)
Infection Sinusitis Perichondritis Epistaxis Abrasion Chondritis Hemorrhage
60
What are acute airway management complications?
Catheter placement was not confirmed (50%) Began HPOV with misplaced catheter (25%) Catheter was directed to the head.
61
What are intermediate airway management complications?
Inadequate O2 Failed to recognize inadequate O2 Tried to perform HPOV with breathing circuit Failed to maintain catheter position
62
What is a long term airway management complication?
Barotrauma.
63
What is a primary tracheostomy?
Done initially or within 24 hours of intubation.
64
What is the incidence of hoarseness associated with intubation? When is spontaneous resolution? When should you follow up?
3% 1-3 days 1 week
65
When do the following events occur due to prolonged intubation? Ulceration Granulomata Cisatrical stenosis
\> 72 hours 3-21 days \> 2 weeks
66
What is this?
TMJ DJD
67
What's this?
Tonsillar abscess
68
What's this?
Retropharyngeal abscess
69
How do you manage post-laryngectomy case?
Suture in laryngectomy tube, pt SV
70
What should FiO2 be for laser surgery?
\< 30%
71
What laser is more superficial? Deep?
CO2 YAG
72
What is the motor threshold for nerve stimulation?
15mA
73
\_\_\_\_\_ RLN passes under aorta and hoarseness can occur w/ an aortic aneuysm
Left
74
What is the most common cause of stridor in 2 y/o?
laryngomalacia
75
What is compromised with poor head and neck alignment during lateral decubitus?
Vascularity is compromised.
76
What is the pathophysiology of TMJ DD? How do you intubate?
Pain during activity with limited mouth opening Nasal intubation
77
What is the airway management risk of neurofibromatosis?
Neuromas can be highly vascular. Also alveolitis in 20%
78
What's this?
gingival hyperplasia with dilantin therapy
79
What's this?
Gingivitis
80
What's this?
Peridontitis
81
What is normal thyromental distance?
\> 6.5 cm
82
What does the proximal limb of a montgomery t-tube do? Distal?
Laryngeal, provides airflow Tracheal, serves as a stent It is used for long term airway managment giving stomal and suction access and phonation.
83
What's this?
leukoplakia
84
Where will the vocal cords be with RLN injury? Interruption?
Hoarseness toward midline Paramedian
85
What is the action of the tranverse arytenoideus?
ADduction

Airways II (27 decks)

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