key science skills Flashcards

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1
Q

approaches to bioethics

A

-consequences based approach 
-duty and/or rule based approach 
-virtues based approach 

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2
Q

consequences-based approach

A

an approach to bioethics that aims to maximise positive outcomes while minimising negative outcomes

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3
Q

duty and/or rule based approach 

A

an approach to bioethics that promotes the responsibility of the agent above all else, and places importance on the duty of each individual

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4
Q

virtues–based approach

A

an approach to bioethics that emphasises the individual goodness of the agent, and promotes acting in accordance with the values of a ‘moral’ person, such as honesty and compassion

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5
Q

ethical concepts

A

-integrity 
-justice 
-beneficence 
-non–maleficence 
-respect 

I Joke But No one Reacts

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6
Q

integrity

A

an ethical concept that encourages a full commitment to knowledge and understanding as well as the honest reporting of all sources of information and results

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7
Q

justice

A

an ethical concept that encourages fair consideration of competing claims, and ensures
that there is no unfair burden on a
particular group from an action

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8
Q

beneficence

A

an ethical concept that seeks to maximise benefits when taking a particular position
or course of action

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9
Q

non–maleficence 

A

an ethical concept that discourages causing harm – or when harm is unavoidable, ensuring that the harm is not disproportionate to the benefits from any position or course of action

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10
Q

respect

A

an ethical concept that encourages the acknowledgment of the intrinsic value of living
things, and considers the welfare, beliefs, customs, and cultural heritage of both the individual and the collective

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11
Q

validity

A

the experiment measures what it claims to
be measuring

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12
Q

reproducibility

A

different scientists can get the same results when they follow the same method as the original scientists

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13
Q

repeatibility

A

the original scientists can get the same
results when they replicate the experiment

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14
Q

reliability

A

describes an experiment, tool, or measurement that produces similar results when repeated and reproduced

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15
Q

accuracy

A

-measurement that is close to what is considered
to be the ‘true’ value
-accuracy can be increased by reducing measurement/systematic error

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16
Q

precision

A

-how closely multiple measurements are to one another
-precision can be increased by having a larger sample size, and calibrating your equipment properly when taking measurements

17
Q

personal errors

A

-mistakes or miscalculations made by the experimenter
-they can affect accuracy, precision, validity,
and/or reliability.

18
Q

systematic errors

A

-cause readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time
-they affect the accuracy of the experiment

19
Q

Random errors are

A

-unpredictable variations in the measurement process that result in a spread of readings
-they affect the precision of the experiment

20
Q

uncontrolled variables

A

-potential variables besides the IV that may affect your results.
-you should remove them or control them by keeping them constant