Key Science Skills Flashcards
Independent variable
factor(s) that is changed in an
experiment
Dependent variable
the factor(s) changes due to the change of the IV and can be measured/ observed
qualitative data
non-numerical
data, typically collected through
observations and interviews. Also
known as categorical data
quantitative data
numerical data
that expresses an amount or range
of values
Precise
two or more
measurements that closely agree
with each other
Accurate
a measurement that
is close to the ‘true’ value of the
quantity being measured
Personal error
mistakes or miscalculations due to human fault. Can be eliminated by performing the experiment again correctly
Random error
variation in results caused by uncontrollable conditions between replicates in the measuring process. Can be reduced using more replicates or refining the measurement process
Systematic error
faults that cause measurements to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made, resulting in a less accurate result. Can be reduced by calibrating and maintaining instruments
Vaild
a measurement or
experiment that actually tests
what it claims to be evaluating
reliable
describes a measurement, tool, or experiment that produces similar results when repeated and reproduced, and therefore can be trusted
Control group
a group of
samples that are
not exposed to the independent
variable.
Also known as an
experimental control, control
treatment, or ‘the contr
Experimental group
a group of
individuals/samples in which
the independent variable is
manipulated. Also known as the treatment group
controlled variable
Factor kept constant also known as constant variable
uncontrolled variable
Factor that is not kept constant, also known as extraneous variable
