Immunity 10

Question 1

Being Immune:

Answer 1

a person is able to resist infection because they have specific antibodies to it

Question 2

Acquired immunity

Answer 2

specific antibodies acquired from previous infection to prevent symptoms of any secondary infections

Question 3

Specific immunity

Answer 3

a host is able to resist a specific disease due to acquired highly specific antibodies from previously being infected by the same disease.

Question 4

Natural Immunity

Answer 4

Protection against a pathogen formed without medical intervention

Question 5

Artificial Immunity

Answer 5

Protection against a pathogen formed with medical intervention( induced immunity)

Question 6

Active immunity

Answer 6

Protection against a pathogen created by antibodies produced by individual’s own immune system after individual is exposed

Question 7

Passive immunity

Answer 7

Protection against a pathogen conferred by externally produced antibodies.

• Individuals given antibodies rather than producing them
• gives immediate protection
• no memory cell produced thus, amount of antibody rapidly declines in 2-3 weeks.

Question 8

Natural active immunity

Answer 8

Protection against pathogen conferred by antibodies produced by individuals own immune system without medical intervention

• ->Exposure of actual pathogen–> memory cells–> faster and longer response to infection/ exposure
• Being exposed to the pathogen

Question 9

Natural passive immunity

Answer 9

Against a pathogen conferred by antibodies produced by another individual’s immune system without medical intervention

Question 10

Artificial active immunity

Answer 10

Protection conferred by antibodies produced by an individual’s own immune system due to medical intervention
- Vaccination

Question 11

Artificial passive immunity

Answer 11

Protection conferred by externally produced antibodies injected as a medical intervention for immediate effect

• Injected or transfused antibodies
• Antivenom

Question 12

Example of Natural Passive immunity: Breastfeeding

Answer 12

Breastfeeding: milk contains nutrients and protein for growth and development as well as antibodies that the mother has obtained. Once ingested, these antibodies enters baby’s system and protect them against pathogens because at the beginning they have a weakened immune system.

Question 13

Example of Natural Passive immunity: Placenta

Answer 13

Placenta: antibodies produced by mother are able to cross placenta and enter foetus bloodstream. This confers the baby with protection during pregnancy and help compensate for weak immune system at the beginning.

Question 14

Vaccines

Answer 14

A medical treatment containing antigens designed to stimulate an individual’s immune system against a pathogen without causing disease, cannot cure disease by build resistance so pathogen becomes eradicated.

Question 15

Types of Vaccines

Answer 15

• Attenuated
• Inactivated
• Toxoid
• Virus-like particles( VLP)