Key Revision

Question 1

Describe how a covalent bond is held together.

Answer 1

In a covalent bond, atoms share pairs of electrons. The covalent bond is a result of two positive nuclei being held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of electrons

Question 2

What bonds don’t occur in elements?

Answer 2

Ionic and Polar covalent

Question 3

When does Chlorine carry a partial positive charge?

Answer 3

When it is bonded with an atom with lower electronegativity

Question 4

How to calculate number of protons in a atom?

Answer 4

Equal to the elements atomic number

Question 5

What is the charge of neutrons and protons

Answer 5

Neutrons are neutral and protons are positively charged

Question 6

What are the chemical formula of sulfur & phosphorus?

Answer 6

S8 & P

Question 7

Alkenes formula

Answer 7

CnH2n

Question 8

What is formed when an alkene undergoes an addition reaction with hydrogen?

Answer 8

an Alkane

Question 9

What is a cycloalkane?

Answer 9

Family of hydrocarbons where the carbon chain is joined in a ring shape rather than a straight chain

Question 10

Difference between electronegativity and electrostatic force of attraction

Answer 10

Electronegativity: is a measure of an atoms attaction for the shared pair of electrons in a bond
Electrostatic force of attraction:

Question 11

What is the Valency of each Group number?

Answer 11

1: 1
2: 2
3: 3
4: 4
5: 5
6: 6
7: 7
0: 0

Question 12

Difference in electronegativity that forms a pure(non-polar) bond

Answer 12

<0.5 difference in electronegativity

Question 13

Difference in electronegativity that forms a polar bond

Answer 13

0.5 to 1.7 difference in electronegativity

Question 14

Definition of electronegativity?

Question 15

What is Electrostatic force of attraction?

Question 16

Suffixes meaning
Ane
Ol
One

Answer 16

Ane - Saturated hydrocarbon (Alkane)
Ol - Alcohol
One - Ketone

Question 17

Alkenes formula

Answer 17

C_n H_(2n)
Ethene = double

Question 18

What functional groups/bonds does the molecule propanone contain?

Question 19

Is NH3 polar or non-polar?

Answer 19

Polar molecule

Question 20

Is H2O polar or non-polar?

Answer 20

Polar covelant molecule

Question 21

Is CO2 polar or non-polar?

Answer 21

Non-polar molecule

• Non-polar because dipoles cancel each other out

Question 22

Is CO polar or non-polar?

Answer 22

Polar molecule

Question 23

Is CH4 polar or non-polar?

Answer 23

Non-polar molecule

• Had non-polar bonds

Question 24

Is Ethanal polar or non-polar?

Answer 24

Very polar molecule

Question 25

Is Glycerol polar or non-polar?

Answer 25

Polar

Question 26

Is MnO4^- polar or non-polar?

Answer 26

Non-polar molecule

Question 27

Coment on the solubility of molecules

Answer 27

Polar molecules are soluble The more oxygens the more soluble the molecule, because the more oxygens the more polar it is

Question 28

What is a Condensation Reaction?

Answer 28

- Reaction in which two molecules join together, - usually in the presence of a catalyst, - with the elimination of water or some other simple molecule.

Question 29

What is a reduction?

Answer 29

Reaction in which the oxygen:hydrogen ratio decreases

Question 30

Polarity of Carboxylic acids

Answer 30

Carboxylic acids are: - Very Polar - Hence very soluble in H2O

Question 31

True name of glycerol

Answer 31

Propane-1,2,3-triol

Question 32

Addition reactions

Answer 32

- Change unsaturated compounds into saturated ones | - Alkenes into alkanes