Equilibrium

Question 1

Definition of dynamic equilibrium

Answer 1

When the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal.

COncentration of reactants and products remain constant, but not necessarily equal.

Question 2

EOE: High temperature in an Endothermic reaction

Answer 2

Equilibrium moves to the right

Question 3

EOE: Low temperature in a Endothermic reaction

Answer 3

Equilibrium moves to the left

Question 4

EOE: High temperature in an Exothermic reaction

Answer 4

Equilibrium moves to the right

Question 5

EOE: High temperature in an Exothermic reaction

Answer 5

Equilibrium moves to the left

Question 6

EOE: Increased pressure

Answer 6

Equilibrium moves to the side with less gas

Question 7

EOE: Decreased Pressure

Answer 7

Equilibrium moves to the side with more gas

Question 8

EOE: Catalysts

Answer 8

A catalysts has the effect of lowering the energy barrier between reactants and products by providing alternative reaction paths.

Question 9

Endothermic reactions

Answer 9

Release energy

Question 10

Exothermic reactions

Answer 10

Release energy

Question 11

Effect of pressure on reactions between gases

Answer 11

Increase in pressure results in the particles being closer together and results in a higher chance of reaction

Question 12

What does this symbol mean?

⇌

Answer 12

This means that it is a reversible reaction where the reactants form products, which react together to give the reactants back.

Question 13

Why can equilibrium only be reached in a closed system?

Answer 13

None of the reactants or products are lost.

In an open system, products (or reactants) are lost, therefore equilibrium cannot be established.

Question 14

Describe the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium.

Answer 14

At equilibrium, the concentration of reactant and products remain constant but NOT always equal.

Question 15

Describe the rates of the forward and reverse reactions at equilibrium.

Answer 15

They take place at equal rates.

Question 16

Name a reaction condition which will affect the position of equilibrium.

Answer 16

1. the addition or removal of reactants or products
2. altering temperature
3. altering pressure

Question 17

What way will the equilibrium lie in the following reaction if:

More Fe3+(aq) is added

Fe3+(aq) + CNS-(aq) ⇌ FeCNS2+(aq

Answer 17

Equilibrium will shift to the right and make more products.

Question 18

What is the Haber Process?

Answer 18

The Haber Process combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (methane) into ammonia. The reaction is reversible and the production of ammonia is exothermic.

Question 19

What effect would adding a catalyst to a reversible reaction have on the equilibrium?

Answer 19

Adding catalyst has no effect on the position of equilibrium.

Allows equilibrium to be reached more quickly, or established at a lower temperature