Key Pathologies Flashcards
What system does a Pneumothorax (Ptx) affect?
Respiratory
Describe Renal Stone pathology
Mineral based deposits that can form anywhere within the renal tract and change in size and shape
True or False?
Renal Stones affect the Genitourinary system.
True
What is Oesophageal Achalasia?
Where the lower oesophageal sphincter fails to open during swallowing.
How will a patient with a ptx present with?
- SOB
- Chest pain
- Cyanosis
- Tachycardia
What imaging is used for renal stones?
- KUB
- CT +/- contrast
- IVU (if CT unavailable)
What are the radiographic appearances of oesophageal achalasia?
Stricture (narrowing) at the base of the oesophagus
How should you prep a patient for a Barium Swallow
- No food for 6hrs prior to imaging
- Sips of water up to 2hrs before
- Allow diabetic patients to go first
How does a patient with oesophageal achalasia present?
With dysphagia, a failure to thrive in paeds and bringing up undigested food
How does a PTx appear?
As a lack of lung markings (radiolucent compared to the adjacent lung)
What is a Pneumothorax?
When air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse.
What are the steps of patient aftercare for a Barium Swallow?
- Allow for buscopan effects to subside
- Drink plenty of water for 48hrs
- Keep a high fibre diet
True or False?
MRI and Ultrasound can be used to image renal stones
True.
What does it mean if a patient has an eGFR value if 45 or lower?
The patient may have renal impairment
What surgical procedure is carried out to reduce a pneumothorax?
Percutaneous chest drain
