KEY PAEDS Flashcards
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting within the first few days of life?
TGA.
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting at 1-2 months of age?
TOF.
Cardiac disease associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy.
Types of heart disease associated with Down’s syndrome?
VSD
TOF
Secundum atrial septal defect.
Non-cardiac conditions associated with Down’s syndrome?
Hypothyroidism AML Alzheimer's disease Repeated respiratory infections Hearing impairment from reported glue ear
GI conditions associated with Down’s syndrome?
Hirschsprung’s disease
Duodenal atresia
Most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease?
TOF.
4 characteristic features of tetralogy of fallot?
VSD
RVH
RV outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
Overriding aorta
Murmur caused by pulmonary stenosis often heard in TOF?
Ejection systolic murmur.
ECG findings in TOF.
Signs of RVH.
How can cyanotic episodes be helped in TOF?
Beta-blockers to reduce infundibular spasm.
Patau’s syndrome?
Microcephaly Small eyes Cleft lip/ palate Polydactyly Scalp lesions
Edward’s syndrome?
Micrognathia
Low-set ears
Rocker-bottom feet
Overlapping of ears
Fragile X syndrome?
Learning difficulties Macrocephaly Long face Large ears Macro-orchidism
Noonan syndrome?
Webbed neck
Pectus excavatum
Short stature
Pulmonary stenosis
Pierre-Robin syndrome?
Micrognathia
Posterior displacement of the tongue (can cause upper airway obstruction)
Cleft palate
Prader-Willi syndrome?
Hypotonia
Hypogonadism
Obesity
William’s syndrome?
Short stature Learning difficulties Friendly, extrovert personality Transient neonatal hypercalcaemia Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Cri Du Chat syndrome?
Characteristic cry Feeding difficulties Poor weight gain Learning difficulties Microcephaly + micrognathism Hypertelorism
Difference between teacher-collins syndrome and Pierre-robin syndrome?
Teacher-Collins syndrome tends to have a family history of similar disorders as inheritance is autosomal dominant.
Features of chickenpox?
Fever initially.
Itchy rash starting on head/ trunk then spreads.
Rash initially macular then papular.
Systemic upset usually mild.
Features of measles?
Prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever.
Koplik spots: white spots on buccal mucosa
Rash: starts behind ears then move to whole body. Rash initially blotchy then confluent.
Features of mumps?
Fever, malaise, muscular pain
Parotitis (earache/ pain on eating) which is unilateral then becomes bilateral
Features of Rubella?
Pink maculopapular rash initially on face (then spreads to rest of body)
Rash fades by days 3-5
Suboccipital + post-auricular lymphadenopathy.
Features of scarlet fever?
Group A haemolytic streptococci
Fever, malaise, tonsilitis
Strawberry tongue
Sandpaper rash sparing area around mouth
Features of hand, foot and mouth disease?
Coxsackie A16 virus
Mild systemic upset (sore throat/ fever)
Vesicles in mouth + on palms and soles.
Features of erythema infectiosum?
‘Slapped-cheek syndrome’
Parvovirus B19
Lethargy, fever, headache
Slapped-cheeky rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces
Coarctation of the aorta?
Weak femoral pulses
Metabolic acidosis
Poor perfusion
Patent ductus arteriosus?
Loud continuous systolic murmur
Bounding peripheral pulses
Cardiomegaly
Common in premature infants
VSD
Cyanosis within 2-3 weeks of birth
No murmur
Left axis deviation
Cause of perthes disease?
Disruption of blood flow to head of femur.
Common age of presentation of perthes disease?
4-10
Cause of Rheumatic fever?
Streptococcus progenies (e.g. streptococcal pharyngitis)
4 systems affected by rheumatic fever?
Heart
Joints
Skin
Brain
Rash associated with rheumatic fever.
Erythema marginatum = macules > rings > snake like appearance (due to coalescence).
Major diagnostic criteria of rheumatic fever?
Erythema marginatum
Polyarthritis
Myocarditis/ Pericarditis/ new murmur
Subcutaneous nodules
Use of aspirin in children/ teenagers with rheumatic fever can cause what?
Reye’s syndrome.
LP result in bacterial meningitis?
Reduced CSF glucose
Increased Neutrophils
Heart defects associated with Turner’s syndrome?
Bicuspid aortic valv (EJS)
Aortic root dilatation
Coarctation of the aorta
Red flag for a child not knowing 2-6 words?
18 months (refer at 18 months if child does not have 2-6 words in vocabulary)
When should a child learn and respond to their own name?
12 months.
When should a child be able to combine 2 words?
2 years.
