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HYMS Y4 > KEY PAEDS > Flashcards

KEY PAEDS Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting within the first few days of life?

A

TGA.

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2
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting at 1-2 months of age?

A

TOF.

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3
Q

Cardiac disease associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy.

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4
Q

Types of heart disease associated with Down’s syndrome?

A

VSD
TOF
Secundum atrial septal defect.

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5
Q

Non-cardiac conditions associated with Down’s syndrome?

A 
Hypothyroidism
AML
Alzheimer's disease
Repeated respiratory infections 
Hearing impairment from reported glue ear
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6
Q

GI conditions associated with Down’s syndrome?

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

Duodenal atresia

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7
Q

Most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease?

A

TOF.

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8
Q

4 characteristic features of tetralogy of fallot?

A

VSD
RVH
RV outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
Overriding aorta

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9
Q

Murmur caused by pulmonary stenosis often heard in TOF?

A

Ejection systolic murmur.

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10
Q

ECG findings in TOF.

A

Signs of RVH.

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11
Q

How can cyanotic episodes be helped in TOF?

A

Beta-blockers to reduce infundibular spasm.

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12
Q

Patau’s syndrome?

A 
Microcephaly
Small eyes
Cleft lip/ palate
Polydactyly
Scalp lesions
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13
Q

Edward’s syndrome?

A

Micrognathia
Low-set ears
Rocker-bottom feet
Overlapping of ears

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14
Q

Fragile X syndrome?

A 
Learning difficulties
Macrocephaly
Long face
Large ears
Macro-orchidism
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15
Q

Noonan syndrome?

A

Webbed neck
Pectus excavatum
Short stature
Pulmonary stenosis

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16
Q

Pierre-Robin syndrome?

A

Micrognathia
Posterior displacement of the tongue (can cause upper airway obstruction)
Cleft palate

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17
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome?

A

Hypotonia
Hypogonadism
Obesity

18
Q

William’s syndrome?

A 
Short stature
Learning difficulties
Friendly, extrovert personality
Transient neonatal hypercalcaemia
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
19
Q

Cri Du Chat syndrome?

A 
Characteristic cry
Feeding difficulties
Poor weight gain
Learning difficulties
Microcephaly + micrognathism
Hypertelorism
20
Q

Difference between teacher-collins syndrome and Pierre-robin syndrome?

A

Teacher-Collins syndrome tends to have a family history of similar disorders as inheritance is autosomal dominant.

21
Q

Features of chickenpox?

A

Fever initially.
Itchy rash starting on head/ trunk then spreads.
Rash initially macular then papular.
Systemic upset usually mild.

22
Q

Features of measles?

A

Prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever.
Koplik spots: white spots on buccal mucosa
Rash: starts behind ears then move to whole body. Rash initially blotchy then confluent.

23
Q

Features of mumps?

A

Fever, malaise, muscular pain

Parotitis (earache/ pain on eating) which is unilateral then becomes bilateral

24
Q

Features of Rubella?

A

Pink maculopapular rash initially on face (then spreads to rest of body)
Rash fades by days 3-5
Suboccipital + post-auricular lymphadenopathy.

25
Q

Features of scarlet fever?

A

Group A haemolytic streptococci
Fever, malaise, tonsilitis
Strawberry tongue
Sandpaper rash sparing area around mouth

26
Q

Features of hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie A16 virus
Mild systemic upset (sore throat/ fever)
Vesicles in mouth + on palms and soles.

27
Q

Features of erythema infectiosum?

A

‘Slapped-cheek syndrome’
Parvovirus B19
Lethargy, fever, headache
Slapped-cheeky rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces

28
Q

Coarctation of the aorta?

A

Weak femoral pulses
Metabolic acidosis
Poor perfusion

29
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Loud continuous systolic murmur
Bounding peripheral pulses
Cardiomegaly
Common in premature infants

30
Q

VSD

A

Cyanosis within 2-3 weeks of birth
No murmur
Left axis deviation

31
Q

Cause of perthes disease?

A

Disruption of blood flow to head of femur.

32
Q

Common age of presentation of perthes disease?

A

4-10

33
Q

Cause of Rheumatic fever?

A

Streptococcus progenies (e.g. streptococcal pharyngitis)

34
Q

4 systems affected by rheumatic fever?

A

Heart
Joints
Skin
Brain

35
Q

Rash associated with rheumatic fever.

A

Erythema marginatum = macules > rings > snake like appearance (due to coalescence).

36
Q

Major diagnostic criteria of rheumatic fever?

A

Erythema marginatum
Polyarthritis
Myocarditis/ Pericarditis/ new murmur
Subcutaneous nodules

37
Q

Use of aspirin in children/ teenagers with rheumatic fever can cause what?

A

Reye’s syndrome.

38
Q

LP result in bacterial meningitis?

A

Reduced CSF glucose

Increased Neutrophils

39
Q

Heart defects associated with Turner’s syndrome?

A

Bicuspid aortic valv (EJS)
Aortic root dilatation
Coarctation of the aorta

40
Q

Red flag for a child not knowing 2-6 words?

A

18 months (refer at 18 months if child does not have 2-6 words in vocabulary)

41
Q

When should a child learn and respond to their own name?

A

12 months.

42
Q

When should a child be able to combine 2 words?

A

2 years.

HYMS Y4 (8 decks)

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