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HYMS Y4 > KEY ANTIBODIES + PATHOGNOMONIC BLOODS > Flashcards

KEY ANTIBODIES + PATHOGNOMONIC BLOODS Flashcards

1
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis type 1

A

Anti-actin
ANA
Anti-SLA/LP
SMA

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2
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis type 2

A

anti-LKM1

anti-LC1

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3
Q

PSC

A

p-ANCA

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4
Q

PBC

A

AMA

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5
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

Caeruloplasmin

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6
Q

Hereditary haemochromatosis

A

Raised ferritin

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7
Q

Active hep B infection

A

HBsAg

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8
Q

Current or previous hep B infection

A

HBcAb

IgM = current
IgG = previous
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9
Q

Core hep B antigen

A

HBcAg

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10
Q

active replication of hep B infection

A

HBeAg

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11
Q

antibody showing that hep B has stopped replicating

A

HBeAb

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12
Q

vaccination against hep B

A

HBsAb

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13
Q

direct count of hep B viral load

A

HBV DNA

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14
Q

screening tests for hep B

A

HBcAb + HBsAg

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15
Q

tests done if hep B screening positive

A

HbeAg + HBV DNA

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16
Q

Coeliac disease

A

anti-TTG/ anti-EMA

**MUST check IgA first.

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17
Q

Myaesthenia gravis

A

Anti-ACh antibodies
Anti-MUSK
Anti-LPR4

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18
Q

Churg-strauss syndrome (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

A

pANCA
eosinophils >10%

(+ asthma + paranasal sinusitis + pulmonary infiltrates)

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19
Q

Lambert-Eaton syndrome

A

Antibodies to voltage gated calcium channels

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20
Q

Membranous glomerulonephritis.

A

Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody.

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21
Q

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

A

Anti-streptolysin O titres.
Anti-DNAase B
Decreased serum C3

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22
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus.

A

ANA

Anti-dsDNA

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23
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

A

c-ANCA.

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24
Q

Microscopic polyangiitis.

A

p-ANCA.

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25
Q

Goodpastures disease.

A

Anti-GBM antibodes.

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26
Q

Grave’s disease.

A

Anti-TPO antibodies.

TSH receptor antibodies.

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27
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

A

Anti-TPO antibodies.

Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.

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28
Q

Myasthenia gravis.

A

Anti-ACh
Anti-MUSK antibodies
Anti-LRP4 antibodies

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29
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis.

A

RF

Anti-CCP.

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30
Q

Multiple sclerosis.

A

Oligoclonal bands in CSF.

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31
Q

Clotting test pattern in haemophilia?

A

APTT prolonged.

PT, thrombin time + bleeding time all normal.

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32
Q

Clotting test pattern in von willebrand disease?

A

APTT prolonged
PT normal
Bleeding time prolonged

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33
Q

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

34
Q

Iron deficiency anaemia.

A

Low serum iron.
Low ferritin.
High transferrin/ TIBC

35
Q

Anaemia of chronic disease.

A

Low/ normal serum iron.
Low/ normal ferritin.
Low transferrin/ TIBC.

36
Q

Sideroblastic anaemia.

A

Ringed sideroblasts (iron-engorged peri-nuclear mitochondria in developing RBCs).

37
Q

Pernicious anaemia.

A

Increased IgA antibodies against intrinsic factor/ parietal cells.

38
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis.

A

Circular cells
Low Hb
Raised reticulocytes.

39
Q

G6PD deficiency.

A

Heinz bodies.

40
Q

Warm AIHA.

41
Q

Cold AIHA.

42
Q

AML/ acute pro-myelocytic leukaemia.

A

Auer rods.

43
Q

AML blood film.

A

Auer rods.

Blast cells.

44
Q

CML.

A

Leukoerythroblasts.

45
Q

Myelofibrosis.

A

Tear drop poikilocytosis.

46
Q

CLL.

A

Smear/ smudge cells.

47
Q

Myeloma.

A

Rouleaux formation.

BJPs.

48
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

A

Reed-Sternberg cells.

49
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma.

A

Starry-sky appearance on blood film.

50
Q

Polycythaemia vera.

A

Isolated rise in RBC count.

51
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease clotting profile.

A

Prolonged APTT
Normal PT
Prolonged bleeding time

52
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease.

A

Reduced VIII and reduced VWF.

53
Q

Haemophilia clotting profile.

A

Prolonged APTT

Normal PT

54
Q

Relationship between all spondyloarthropathies?

55
Q

Gout joint aspiration?

A

Negatively birefringent, needle shaped, monosodium rate crystals.

56
Q

Pseudogout joint aspiration?

A

Positively birefringent, rhomboid shaped, calcium pyrophosphate crystals.

57
Q

SLE.

A

Sensitive? ANA.
Specific? anti-dsDNA/ anti-smith

Others: low C3 and C4

58
Q

Antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Anticardiolipin antibodies

Anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies.

59
Q

Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome).

A

Anti-centromere antibodies.

60
Q

Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

A

Anti-Scl-70 antibodies.

61
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome.

A

Anti-Ro + Anti-La antibodies.

62
Q

Dermatomyositis.

A

Anti-Mi-2 antibodies
ANA
SOMETIMES Anti-Jo-1 antibodies.

63
Q

Polymyositis.

A

Anti-Jo-1 antibodies.

64
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

65
Q

Microscopic polyangiitis.

66
Q

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

67
Q

MEN type 1 presentation.

A 
Parathyroid problems (hyperparathyroidism)
Pituitary problems
Pancreas problems (insulinoma)
68
Q

MEN type 1 gene.

A

MEN 1 gene.

69
Q

Most common presentation of MEN 1.

A

Hypercalcaemia.

70
Q

MEN type 2a presentation.

A

Medullary thyroid cancer
Parathyroid problems
Phaeochromocytoma.

71
Q

MEN type 2 gene?

A

RET oncogene.

72
Q

MEN type 2b presentation.

A

Medullary thyroid cancer
Phaeochromocytoma
Marfanoid body
Neuromas

73
Q

Most common thyroid cancer.

A

Papillary.

74
Q

Thyroid cancer associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

75
Q

Blood clotting results in haemophilia?

A

APTT prolonged

PT and bleeding time normal.

76
Q

Blood clotting results in von Willebrand’s disease?

A

APTT increased
PT normal
Bleeding time increased

77
Q

Blood clotting results in vitamin K deficiency?

A

APTT increased
PT increased
Bleeding time normal

78
Q

Primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

A

High PTH

High Calcium.

79
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism.

A

High PTH

Low Calcium

80
Q

Drug-induced lupus.

A

Anti-histone antibodies.

HYMS Y4 (8 decks)

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