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Pediatri > Key notes > Flashcards

Key notes Flashcards

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1
Q

marrying a cousin(3rd degree)

A

first cousin marriage

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2
Q

rational prescribing

A

appropriate Drug, Time, Dose, cost

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3
Q

Drug Scoring

A

Efficacy, safety, suitability, cost

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4
Q

Adenoid hypertrophy

A

Post-nasal drip:
yattığında öksürük
eforla öksürük
enfeksiyona yatkınlık

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5
Q

rektumdan kan & bilious vomiting durumunda ne indike edilir?

A

Usg çek invajinasyonu rule/out.

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6
Q

Bulging fontanelle sebepleri

A
  • Crying
  • Icp yükselmesi, hydrocephaly
  • Menengitis / encephalitis, intracranial hemorrhage
  • A hypervitaminosis
  • Lead poisoning
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7
Q

what is febrile convulsion risk age?

A

5m-5yrs

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8
Q

Causes of microcephaly?

A
  1. Torch
  2. Familial
  3. Trisomies(13,18,21)
  4. Others(Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
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9
Q

Craniotabes(+) cases?

A
  1. Rickets
  2. Hydrocephaly
  3. Osteogenesis imperfecta
  4. A hypervitaminosis
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10
Q

Subicteric bilirubin lv?

A

5mg/dl

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11
Q

Preauricular papillom is a sign of….

A

Urinary system defect

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12
Q

Gingiva hyperplasia causes?

A 
Leukemia
Hydentin use
Storage disease
Poor hygiene
Histiocytosis X
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13
Q

Gingiva pigmentation causes?

A

Heavy metal poisoning

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14
Q

Gingival Bleeding?

A

Gingivitis

  1. Scurvy
  2. Bleeding diathesis
  3. Poor hygiene
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15
Q

Webbed Neck is a sign on ….

A

Turner Syndrome

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16
Q

Normal RR in children:

A 
Newborn: 30-60
6 months: 25-40
1-3 years: 20-30
6 years: 18-25
10: 15-20
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17
Q

Pectus excavatum & incavatum

A

Excavatum: Funnel Chest
Incavatum: pigeon chest

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18
Q

Barrel chest causes?

A

Chronic Resp. Diseases

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19
Q

Cyanosis definition?

A

> 5 g/dl reduced Hb

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20
Q

Most common UTI causative organisms in children

A

E. Coli

Klebsiella

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21
Q

Risky ages for UTI

A

boys<1 years, girls < 4 years

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22
Q

PUV(posterior urethral valve)

A

fışkırtarak idrar yapamaz.

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23
Q

Hydronephrosis detection

A

USG

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24
Q

Definitive diagnosis of UTI?

A

Urine culture

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25
Q

Treatment of UTI?

A

Ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, cefixim.

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26
Q

Golemerular & Tubular injury Sx?

A

Glomerular: anuria, oligouria
Tubular: polyuria

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27
Q

Rehydration fluid dosage

A

20cc/kg SF

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28
Q

Prerenal AKI?

A

BUN ön planda

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29
Q

Physiologic jaundice?

A

Only seen in newborn, indirect hyperbilirubinmia

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30
Q

Delivery room PE

A
  • cardiopulmonary adaptation

* major congenital anomaly(coanal atresia, esophageal atresia, anal atresia)

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31
Q

Respiratory distress in newborn

A

Signs: tacypnea, sternal, subcostal, intercostal retraction, grunting on expiration, diminished breath sounds
CXR is urgent!!

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32
Q

NEC(Necretizing enterocolitis

A

Abdominal distension

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33
Q

Abdominal masses in newborn?

A

Renal pathology( hydronephrosis, multicystic,-dysplastic kidneys, renal vein thrombosis)

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34
Q

Categories of PAT?

A
  1. Stable
  2. Respiratory Distress
  3. Respiratory failure
  4. Shock
  5. CNS dysfunction
  6. CPF
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35
Q

Bilinci kapalı hastada ilk … bakılır.

A

kan şekeri

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36
Q

Pediatric injury ‘ de …. dışla.

A

Trauma, meningoencephalitis, hypoglycemia.

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37
Q

Gastric lavage?

A

Contraindicated in hydrocarbon, acid & alkali toxications.
Do it in 1 hrs.

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38
Q

Activated Charcoal Effective with

A 
Thiophylline
Phenobarbital
Carbamazepine
Aspirin
Sustained-release products
39
Q

WBI(Whole Bowel Irrigation

A

> 2 hrs yutmadan sonra, demir için

40
Q

WBI (Whole Bower Irrigation) contraindications

A 
Bowel obstruction
Perforation
Ileus
Hemodynamic Instability
Compromised unprotected airways
41
Q

Inherited metabolic diseases

A

Neonatal seizure( give pyridoxine)

42
Q

Respiratory distress causes for preterms:

A
  1. RDS
  2. Congenital Pneumonia
  3. Pneumothorax, atelectasis
  4. Patent ductus arteriosus
  5. Pulmonary hemorrhage
  6. Wet lung
  7. Congenital airway/heart diseases
  8. Bronchopulm. dysplasia
43
Q

Respiratory Distress causes for term infants:

A
  1. Congenital pneumonia(TORCH)
  2. Meconium aspiration
  3. Persistant pulmonary hypertension
  4. Pneumothorax
  5. Wet lung
  6. Congenital airway, heart diseases
  7. Polycytemia
44
Q

Respiratory distress signs

A

Tachypnea, retractions, cyanosis, diminished resp sounds, grunting
Urgent CXR & Arterial blood gases

45
Q

PGE2 infusion

A

Maintenance of ductal patency

46
Q

Ibuprofen, paracetamol

A

Closing ductus arteriosus

47
Q

Sepsis

A

Systemic illness+ Bacteremia

48
Q

Early onset sepsis

A
  • ilk 7 gün
  • multisistemik hastalık w/ congenital pneumoniae
  • transplacental inf. from maternal blood or genital tract
  • Risk factors: preterm rupture of membranes
  • Fetal colonization & infection
  • E. coli, GBS, Listeria, Enterococci
49
Q

Late onset sepsis

A
  • > 7 days
  • more insidious
  • from human contact and contaminated equipment
  • RF: prematurity, NICU
  • Coagulase negative stap., s. epidermititis, pseudomonas, klebsiella, serratia, s. aureus
50
Q

Neonatal sepsis diagnosis

A

Blood+ CSF cultures

51
Q

Neonatal sepsis tx

A

Penicillin+ aminoglycoside

LOS:vancomycin+ aminoglycoside

52
Q

APR in newborn

A

CRP, procalcitonin, IL-6, IL,8

53
Q

RDS

A

immature lungs+ low surfactant

CXR: ground glass

54
Q

Tx of RDS

A

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation
Surfactant
antibiotics
IV fluid

55
Q

Firt ROP exam

A

32 weeks

56
Q

Periventricular leukomalacia

A 
white mater injury
severe cognitive/motor impairment
occipital horns of lateral ventricles
screening: 4-6th weeks by usg
15% of ELBW
Cystic PVL > cerebral palsy
57
Q

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

oxygen need is continued at pma 36th week
cxr: atelectasis, emysema
patchy appearance
frequent hospitalization dure to RSV

58
Q

Clubbing

A

see after 6 months( arterial desaturation)

59
Q

In children up to 4 years

A

apex at 4th ıcs

60
Q

Anterior frontanelle auscultation

A

gallen vein aneurism, arteriovenous fistula

61
Q

continuous murmurs at hearth

A 
stenosis&amp;insufficiency
arteriovenous connections
PDA
aortopulmonary connections
venous hum
62
Q

BP for ages

A 
premature:55-75
0-3 months: 65-85
3-6 months: 70-90
6-12 months: 80-100
1-3 years: 90-105
3-6 years:95-110
63
Q

Mean arterial pressure

A

correlates with development >30
>25 for premature
>35 for baby
>50 for older kid

64
Q

First CN that is affected from increased ICP

A

CN VI

65
Q

Gower’s manuever

A

for muscular dystrophy, congenital hip dysplasia

66
Q

Physiologic jaundice

A
  • after 24 hrs of life
  • TSB lv within normal percentiles
  • duration: <10days term, <3w preterm
  • TSB increase: <5mg/dl/day
  • direct bilirubin: <1, 1.5 mg/dl or >10% of TSB
67
Q

Pathologic jaundice

A
  • appears in first 24hrs
  • TSB>95 percentile
  • Duration >10 in term, >3w in preterm
  • TSB increase > 5 mg/dl/day
  • direct bilirubin >1-1.5 mg/dl
  • need for therapy
68
Q

Rh/Rh uyuşmazlığı

A

indirect coombs (+)

69
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

prolonged jaundice

70
Q

Galactosemia

A

conjugated+ unconjugated bilirubinemia

71
Q

Kernicterus

A

Cerebral palsy, hearing loss

72
Q

Neonatal screening tests

A 
PKU
hypot
Biotidinase def
CF
hip dysplasia
hearing test
73
Q

common features o inborn errors of metabolism

A 
Ar
single gee
varying incidence among ethnic groups
consanguinity
nonspesific clinical signs
74
Q

Poor feeding

A

akla getir (IEM)

75
Q

Poor feeding+ failure to thrive

A

chronic diseases

76
Q

initial screening for IEM

A

cbc, arterial gasses, blood glucose, ammonia, arterial blood lactate, liver function tests, urine ketones, urine reducing substances, urine pH, serum uric acid, LP, CXR, ECG

77
Q

İdrar yapamayan hastaya .. verme

A

K

78
Q

kilo başına 3mEq Na hacim

A

doğrudur

79
Q

Glucose / Na ratio shouldnt exceed…

A

2

80
Q

Infant: 5,10,15

A

Adolescent 3,6,9%

81
Q

Hypernatremic dehydration ‘da Na düşürme sınırı

A

MAks 10-12 mEq/L per day

0.4, 0.5 mEq/ L per hour.

82
Q

Hypernatremic dehydrationda dikkat et

A

over 48 hrs.

83
Q

Hyponatremic state tedavisinde dikkat et

A

Central pontine myelinosis

84
Q

Systolic bp 1-10 yaş

A

<70+2xage

85
Q

stages of shock

A

circulatory failure
global hypoxia
cell daamge
death

86
Q

Shock’ta neyi monitor edersin

A

Mixed venous oxygen saturation

87
Q

Neonate Septic Shock Tx

A

ampicillin+ aminoglyceride/cefotaxime

88
Q

child septic shock

A

cefotaxime/ceftriaxone + vancomycin

89
Q

TGA corralates with

A

Diabetic mother

90
Q

IUG stages

A

stage 1: 4-20 hafta, hyperplasia
stage2:20-28 hafta hp+ ht
stage 3:28-40 hafta, ht

91
Q

babies born to diabetic mothers

A

hypoglycemia
hypocalcemia
rds
macrosomnia

92
Q

after 8 days of intrauterine twins

A

monochronic, monoamniotic

93
Q

Anterior wall defects

A

omphalocele: herniation of abd. viscera into base of umbilicus, 1/4000, surrounded by umbilical cord
Gastroschisis: intestines come out of efective area into amniotic cavity, 1/2000, more common in young mothers, preterms

Pediatri (7 decks)

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