Key Issue 5 - The Catholic Threat Flashcards
Why did Elizabeth tolerate Catholics in the first decade of her reign?
- the fear of foreign intervention
- the fear of rebellion
- the realisation that the majority of the population were still Catholic at heart
What events led to Elizabeth being harsher to Catholics?
- 1568: arrival of Mary Stuart in England
- 1569: Northern Rebellion
- 1570: the issue of a Papal Bull of Excommunication against Elizabeth
- 1571: Ridolfi Plot
- 1580: arrival of Jesuit priests in England
- 1583: Throckmorton Plot
- 1586: Babington Plot
- 1588: Spanish Armada
What was a recusant?
Used to describe individuals who rebelled against Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement by refusing to attend church services; they weee fined
Who were the Jesuits and what did they want!
They were members of the Roman Catholic missionary order, who’s chief aim was to destroy Protestantism.
What could Liz do with Mary S?
- keep her in England
- send her back to Scotland
- execute her
- help her regain her Scottish throne
- acknowledge her as heir to the throne of England
- allow her to go to France
When was the Northern Rebellipn?
November 1569
What caused the Northern Rebelkion?
Mary S arrived in Rngland in 1568, providing hope for Catholics. Earl of Westmoreland and Northumberland wanted to depose Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne, then have her marry Duke of Norfolk.
How many men stormed Durham in the Northern Rebellion?
4600
What did the rebels do in Durham?
Held Catholic mass and tore up the English Bible
Why did the Northern Rebellion fail?
- lack of foreign support
- poor planning and leadership
- popularity of Elizabeth
When was Elizabeth excommunicated?
February 1570
What did parliament do in response to the Papal Bull?
Issued a new Treason Act in 1571 which made it treasonable to declare that Elizabeth was not the lawful queen
Why was Mary executed?
Walsingham claimed she was a part of the Babington Plot.
When was Mary executed?
8th February 1587
What impact did Mary’s execution have?
There was very little immediate backlash
Who was involved in the Ridolfi Plot?
Ridolfi
Duke of Norfolk
the Pope
King Philip
What was the aim of the Ridolfi Plot?
To overthrow Elizabeth, replace her with Mary and restore Catholicism to England.
When was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
Who was involved in the Throckmorton Plot?
the Pope
Throckmorton
Phillip II
French and Spanish ambassadors
What was the aim of the Throckmorton Plot?
To free Mary and restore Catholicism, in the process killing Liz. There would be an uprising and invasion by the French.
When was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
Who was involved in the Babington Plot?
Babington
Philip II
the Pope
Mary S (allegedly)
What was the aim of the Babington Plot?
Assassinate Elizabeth and replace her wth Mary, supported by 60,000 Spanish men
Who uncovered all the plots?
Francis Walsingham
