key info inorganic Flashcards
why is the electron configuration of cr and cu unusual Cr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 (instead of 3d4 4s2)
Cu: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 (rather than 3d9 4s2)
These exceptions occur because configurations with a half-filled (d5) or fully filled (d10) d sub-shell are energetically more favourable.
For transition metals forming ions what is the exception
the loss of electrons happens from the 4s orbital before the 3d orbital.
what shell is filled 1st 4s or 3d
The 4s sub-shell is filled before the 3d sub-shell because the 4s orbital has a lower energy than the 3d orbitals in neutral atoms. https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_TaUnlVWt
the electron configuration of the iron atom is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^6 4s^2
what’s the electron configuration for fe^3+
The resulting electron configuration of the Fe3+ ion is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^5
The 4s electrons are lost first.
Then, one 3d electron is lost. as this is an exceptional rule For transition metals forming ions the loss of electrons happens from the 4s orbital before the 3d orbital.
why does the melting point from sulfur to cl decrease in period 3
sulfur is s8 and chlorine is Cl2 so sulfur is a larger molecule and hence greater intermolecular forces.
why does the melting point from phosphorus to sulfur increase in period 3
sulfur is s8 whilst phosphorus is p4 and so sulfur is a larger molecule and hence greater intermolecular forces.
Write the equations for the extraction of Titanium using Magnesium.
TiO2 + 2Cl2 + C → TiCl4 + CO2
TiCl4 (I) + 2Mg (s) → 2MgCl2 (s) + Ti (s)
Describe how to prepare 250 cm³ of an aqueous standard solution of ethanedioic acid containing an accurately measured mass of the acid.
✓ Accurately weigh out a dry sample of ethanedioic acid using a high precision balonce
✓ Transfer to a beaker and reweigh weighing boat to determine mass transferred. OR rinse weighing boat into beaker
✓ Dissolve acid in a small volume of distilled water , stirring with a glass rod
✓ Transfer to a volumetric flask and rinse all equipment transferring rinsings too
✓Add deionised (aka distilled) water up to calibration line using dropping pipette at end
Ensure meniscus rests on calibration line
✓ Stopper bottle and invert 10 times
must be at end
to homogenise solution
how do you find the oxidation state of a metal ion in a complex ion
Step 1: Calculate sum of oxidation states of all ligands.( if it is neural e.g. NH3 then it is zero).
Step 2: Equation
Oxidation state of central metal cation= total oxidation state - oxidation states of ligands
Oxidation state of central metal cation=
total oxidation state - oxidation states of ligands
when doing a time of flight question and you are asked for the mass of one mole of the ion in grams what do you do
1st multiply the mass worked out using the KE by 1000 because it is in kg
2nd multiply the mass worked out using the KE equation by Avogadro’s constant (6.022 x 10^23)
when doing a time of flight question and you are asked for the mass of one singular ion what do you do
don’t do anything to your answer after working it out using your KE equation
when doing a time of flight question and you are asked for the MASS NUMBER(MR) of an ion what do you do
give the mass of one mole of the ion to the nearest whole number
