Key Individuals: Medicine Through Time Flashcards by Hannah Jefferson

What period did Hippocrates live in?

Ancient Greece

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When did Hippocrates live?

460BC-370BC

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What is Hippocrates known for?

-Theory of the Four Humours
-Hippocratic Oath
-‘Father of Modern Medicine’

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What period did Galen live in?

Ancient Rome

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When did Galen live?

130AD-216AD

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What is Galen known for?

-Theory of Opposites (an extension of Hippocrates’ 4 Humours)
-Hundreds of books on anatomy

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What period did Andreas Vesalius live in?

Renaissance

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When did Andreas Vesalius live?

16th century

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What is Andreas Vesalius known for?

-Work on anatomy, disproving many of Galen’s old theories.
-Fabrica, 1543

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What period was William Harvey?

Renaissance

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When did William Harvey live?

16th and 17th century

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What is William Harvey known for?

-Discovery of blood circulation system, 1628.
-Disproved Galen’s theory that blood was made in the liver.

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What period did Thomas Sydenham live in?

Renaissance

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When did Thomas Sydenham live?

1624-1689

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What is Thomas Sydenham known for?

-Stressed the importance of observing and recording symptoms
-Argued that the Four Humours theory was wrong.
-‘English Hippocrates’

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What period did Antony van Leeuwenhoek live in?

Renaissance

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When did Antony van Leeuwenhoek live?

17th-18th century

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What is Antony van Leeuwenhoek known for?

-Observing ‘animalcules’ (bacteria) through a microscope
-Improved the microscope
-‘Father of Microbiology’

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What period did Henry VIII live in?

Renaissance

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When did Henry VIII live?

15th-16th century

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What is Henry VIII known for?

-King 1509-47
-Split from Catholic Church and closed the monasteries in the 1530s, leading to most hospitals closing.

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What period did Charles II live in?

Renaissance

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When did Charles II live?

17th century

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What is Charles II known for?

-King 1660-85
-Keen supporter of Royal Society
-Died in 1685 after bleeding and purging failed to cure him.

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What period did Louis Pasteur live in?

Industrial

When did Louis Pasteur live?

19th century

What is Louis Pasteur known for?

-Germ theory, 1861 -Germ theory of infection, 1878 -Vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies (1870s)

What period did Robert Koch live in?

Industrial

When did Robert Koch live?

19th-20th century

What is Robert Koch known for?

-Expanded Pasteur's work by identifying the individual bacteria which cause diseases. -Identified anthrax (1876), TB (1882) and Cholera (1883)

What period did Edward Jenner live in?

Industrial

When did Edward Jenner live?

18th and 19th century

What is Edward Jenner known for?

-Developed the first vaccination for smallpox in the 1790s -Encouraged Parliament to develop vaccination futher.

What period did James Simpson live in?

Industrial

When did James Simpson live?

19th century

What is James Simpson known for?

-Discovery of chloroform as an anaesthetic, 1847 -Helped to solve the problem of pain during surgery.

What period did Joseph Lister live in?

Industrial

When did Joseph Lister live?

19th and 20th century

What is Joseph Lister known for?

-Development of antiseptic surgery, beginning with carbolic spray in 1865. -Helped to solve problem of infection during surgery. -Based his ideas on Pasteur's germ theory work.

What period did Florence Nightingale live in?

Industial

When did Florence Nightingale live?

19th and 20th century

What is Florence Nightingale known for?

-Nursing work during Crimean War (1854-6) -Notes on Nursing, 1859 -School of Nursing, 1860 -Encouraged better hospital design and conditions.

What period did John Snow live in?

Industrial

When did John Snow live?

19tn century

What is John Snow known for?

-Broad Street pump experiment (1854) which proved cholera was spread by dirty water. -Famous anaesthetist - gave Victoria chloroform in 1853.

What period did Edwin Chadwick live in?

Industrial

When did Edwin Chadwick live?

19th century

What is Edwin Chadwick known for?

-Wrote 'On the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Classes in 1842' -Encouraged more government action on public health.

What period did Paul Ehrlich live in?

Modern Britain

When did Paul Ehrlich live?

19th-20th century

What is Paul Ehrlich known for?

-Worked as part of Robert Koch's research team. -Developed the first magic bullet, Salvarsan 606, in 1909.

What period did Karl Landsteiner live in?

Modern Britain

When did Karl Landsteiner live?

19th-20th century

What is Karl Landsteiner known for?

-Discovered the first blood groups in 1900 -Co-discovered the polio virus in 1909.

What period did Alexander Fleming live in?

Modern Britain

When did Alexander Fleming live?

19th-20th century

What is Alexander Fleming known for?

-Discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928 -Shared a Nobel Prize with Florey and Chain, 1945

What period did Howard Florey live in?

Modern Britain

When did Howard Florey live?

19th century

What is Howard Florey known for?

-Carried out the first human trials of penicillin in 1941, with Ernst Chain. -Persuaded companies in the US to start mass-producing penicillin

What period did Ernst Chain live in?

Modern Britain

When did Ernst Chain live?

20th century

What is Ernst Chain known for?

-Carried out the first human trials of penicillin in 1941 with Howard Florey.

What period did William Beveridge live in?

Modern Britain

When did William Beveridge live?

1879-1963

What is William Beveridge known for?

-1942, Beveridge Report, which created the basis for the welfare state -Suggested the setting up of a national health service, paid for by taxes.

What period did Aneurin Bevan live in?

Modern Britian

When did Aneurin Bevan live?

19th-20th century

What is Aneurin Bevan known for?

-Minister of Health (1945-51)

What period did James Watson live in?

Modern Britain

When did James Watson Live?

1928-Present

What is James Watson known for?

-Discovered the structure of DNA with Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in 1953. -Helped established the Human Genome Project (1990)

What period did Francis Crick live in?

Modern Britain

When did Francis Crick live?

20th-21st century

What is Francis Crick known for?

-Discovered the structure of DNA with James Watson, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in 1953.