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History > Key Individuals: Medicine Through Time > Flashcards

Key Individuals: Medicine Through Time Flashcards

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1
Q

What period did Hippocrates live in?

A

Ancient Greece

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2
Q

When did Hippocrates live?

A

460BC-370BC

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3
Q

What is Hippocrates known for?

A

-Theory of the Four Humours
-Hippocratic Oath
-‘Father of Modern Medicine’

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4
Q

What period did Galen live in?

A

Ancient Rome

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5
Q

When did Galen live?

A

130AD-216AD

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6
Q

What is Galen known for?

A

-Theory of Opposites (an extension of Hippocrates’ 4 Humours)
-Hundreds of books on anatomy

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7
Q

What period did Andreas Vesalius live in?

A

Renaissance

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8
Q

When did Andreas Vesalius live?

A

1514-1564

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9
Q

What is Andreas Vesalius known for?

A

-Work on anatomy, disproving many of Galen’s old theories.
-Fabrica, 1543

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10
Q

What period was William Harvey?

A

Renaissance

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11
Q

When did William Harvey live?

A

1578-1657

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12
Q

What is William Harvey known for?

A

-Discovery of blood circulation system, 1628.
-Disproved Galen’s theory that blood was made in the liver.

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13
Q

What period did Thomas Sydenham live in?

A

Renaissance

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14
Q

When did Thomas Sydenham live?

A

1624-1689

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15
Q

What is Thomas Sydenham known for?

A

-Stressed the importance of observing and recording symptoms
-Argued that the Four Humours theory was wrong.
-‘English Hippocrates’

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16
Q

What period did Antony van Leeuwenhoek live in?

A

Renaissance

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17
Q

When did Antony van Leeuwenhoek live?

A

1632-1723

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18
Q

What is Antony van Leeuwenhoek known for?

A

-Observing ‘animalcules’ (bacteria) through a microscope
-Improved the microscope
-‘Father of Microbiology’

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19
Q

What period did Henry VIII live in?

A

Renaissance

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20
Q

When did Henry VIII live?

A

15th-16th century

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21
Q

What is Henry VIII known for?

A

-King 1509-47
-Split from Catholic Church and closed the monasteries in the 1530s, leading to most hospitals closing.

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22
Q

What period did Charles II live in?

A

Renaissance

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23
Q

When did Charles II live?

A

1630-1685

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24
Q

What is Charles II known for?

A

-King 1660-85
-Keen supporter of Royal Society
-Died in 1685 after bleeding and purging failed to cure him.

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25
Q

What period did Louis Pasteur live in?

A

Industrial

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26
Q

When did Louis Pasteur live?

A

1822-1895

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27
Q

What is Louis Pasteur known for?

A

-Germ theory, 1861
-Germ theory of infection, 1878
-Vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies (1870s)

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28
Q

What period did Robert Koch live in?

A

Industrial

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29
Q

When did Robert Koch live?

A

19th-20th century

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30
Q

What is Robert Koch known for?

A

-Expanded Pasteur’s work by identifying the individual bacteria which cause diseases.
-Identified anthrax (1876), TB (1882) and Cholera (1883)

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31
Q

What period did Edward Jenner live in?

A

Industrial

32
Q

When did Edward Jenner live?

A

1749-1823

33
Q

What is Edward Jenner known for?

A

-Developed the first vaccination for smallpox in the 1790s
-Encouraged Parliament to develop vaccination futher.

34
Q

What period did James Simpson live in?

A

Industrial

35
Q

When did James Simpson live?

A

1811-1870

36
Q

What is James Simpson known for?

A

-Discovery of chloroform as an anaesthetic, 1847
-Helped to solve the problem of pain during surgery.

37
Q

What period did Joseph Lister live in?

A

Industrial

38
Q

When did Joseph Lister live?

A

1827-1912

39
Q

What is Joseph Lister known for?

A

-Development of antiseptic surgery, beginning with carbolic acid in 1865.
-Helped to solve problem of infection during surgery.
-Based his ideas on Pasteur’s germ theory work.

40
Q

What period did Florence Nightingale live in?

A

Industial

41
Q

When did Florence Nightingale live?

A

1820-1910

42
Q

What is Florence Nightingale known for?

A

-Nursing work during Crimean War (1854-6)
-Notes on Nursing, 1859
-School of Nursing, 1860
-Encouraged better hospital design and conditions.

43
Q

What period did John Snow live in?

A

Industrial

44
Q

When did John Snow live?

A

1813-1858

45
Q

What is John Snow known for?

A

-Broad Street pump experiment (1854) which proved cholera was spread by dirty water.
-Famous anaesthetist - gave Victoria chloroform in 1853.

46
Q

What period did Edwin Chadwick live in?

A

Industrial

47
Q

When did Edwin Chadwick live?

A

1800-1890

48
Q

What is Edwin Chadwick known for?

A

-Wrote ‘On the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Classes in 1842’
-Encouraged more government action on public health.

49
Q

What period did Paul Ehrlich live in?

A

Modern Britain

50
Q

When did Paul Ehrlich live?

A

1854-1915

51
Q

What is Paul Ehrlich known for?

A

-Worked as part of Robert Koch’s research team.
-Developed the first magic bullet, Salvarsan 606, in 1909.

52
Q

What period did Karl Landsteiner live in?

A

Modern Britain

53
Q

When did Karl Landsteiner live?

A

1868-1943

54
Q

What is Karl Landsteiner known for?

A

-Discovered the first blood groups in 1900
-Co-discovered the polio virus in 1909.

55
Q

What period did Alexander Fleming live in?

A

Modern Britain

56
Q

When did Alexander Fleming live?

A

1881-1955

57
Q

What is Alexander Fleming known for?

A

-Discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928
-Shared a Nobel Prize with Florey and Chain, 1945

58
Q

What period did Howard Florey live in?

A

Modern Britain

59
Q

When did Howard Florey live?

A

19th century

60
Q

What is Howard Florey known for?

A

-Carried out the first human trials of penicillin in 1941, with Ernst Chain.
-Persuaded companies in the US to start mass-producing penicillin

61
Q

What period did Ernst Chain live in?

A

Modern Britain

62
Q

When did Ernst Chain live?

A

1906-1979

63
Q

What is Ernst Chain known for?

A

-Carried out the first human trials of penicillin in 1941 with Howard Florey.

64
Q

What period did William Beveridge live in?

A

Modern Britain

65
Q

When did William Beveridge live?

A

1879-1963

66
Q

What is William Beveridge known for?

A

-1942, Beveridge Report, which created the basis for the welfare state
-Suggested the setting up of a national health service, paid for by taxes.

67
Q

What period
did Aneurin Bevan live in?

A

Modern Britian

68
Q

When did Aneurin Bevan live?

A

1897-1960

69
Q

What is Aneurin Bevan known for?

A

-Minister of Health (1945-51)

70
Q

What period did James Watson live in?

A

Modern Britain

71
Q

When did James Watson Live?

A

1928-Present

72
Q

What is James Watson known for?

A

-Discovered the structure of DNA with Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in 1953.
-Helped established the Human Genome Project (1990)

73
Q

What period did Francis Crick live in?

A

Modern Britain

74
Q

When did Francis Crick live?

A

1916-2004

75
Q

What is Francis Crick known for?

A

-Discovered the structure of DNA with James Watson, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in 1953.

History (3 decks)

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