Key events/institutions

Question 1

Early Councils

Answer 1

Pisa 1511 - reflected moral aspirations, inc. key bishops (Briconnet + Borgia) showed desire but little reform

Lateran 1512-17 - annual visitations of convents by bishops, preachers abandon bogus miracles, ‘Rules for University Studies’, reaffirmed immortality of the soul, extended by Leo X
but caused by threat of deposition by French

Question 2

Who advocated for improved education ?

Answer 2

Lady Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509) founded Christs college Cambridge + free schools

Wimpfeling Humanist argued for education for the young on moral/christian standards in Adolescentia (1500)

Question 3

Evidence of anti-clericalism

Answer 3

Brants ‘Ship of Fools’ 1494 - satirical criticism of church standards + priests education

Dudleys ‘The Tree of Commonwealth’ (1509-10) said King should be protector overseer of church

Mass demonstration of anti-clericalism in London 1514-15 following Richard Hume murder

*shouldn’t be overestimated

Question 4

When were Luther’s 95 theses published?

Answer 4

1517
1510 visited Rome, seat of the ‘Antichrist’
met w/ Cardinal Cajetan 1518, debated with Eck 1519

Question 5

What is the difference between counter and catholic reformation?

Answer 5

Counter - reaction to rise of protestantism (1520s), church underwent coherent military style campaign to regain lost territories + influence

Catholic - self-motivated, genuine spiritual revival of the catholic church, wanted to replace mechanistic, poor religious practices of middle ages

Question 6

What were the Oratories of Divine Love?

Answer 6

mixture of classes who wished to improve spirituality + help sick and needy

1497 Oratory in Genoa founded
1517 Oratory met in Rome

• indicators of religious reform, low membership

Question 7

Inquisition in Spain

Answer 7

Barcelona 1488-1505 1200 people tried (mainly conversos) -> catholicism protected , ‘reconquista tradition’