Key Echo Equation

Question 0

wavelength

Answer 0

Lambda = c/f= 1.54/f (MHz)

Question 1

Frequency

Answer 1

f=cycles/sec= Hz

Question 2

Doppler equation

Answer 2

V= c x delta F/ ( 2Ft(cos theta))

Question 3

Bernoulli

Answer 3

Delta P= 4V^2

Question 4

Stroke volume

Answer 4

sV=EDV-ESV

Question 5

Ejection Fraction

Answer 5

EF%= (SV/EDV) x100%

Question 6

Wall Stress

Answer 6

PR/2Th

Question 7

Doppler stroke volume

Answer 7

SV = CSA x VTI

Question 8

Doppler- rate of pressure rise

Answer 8

dP/dT= 32 mm Hg /time from 1-3m/sec of MR CW jet (sec)

Question 9

Pulmonary systolic pressure

Answer 9

PAP (systolic) = 4(V tricuspid )^2 + RAP

Question 10

When pul stenosis present, PAP

Answer 10

PAP = (4(V tricuspid ^2)+ RAP - delta P ( RV -Pa)

Question 11

Pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer 11

PVR= 10( V tricuspid )/ VTI RVOT

Question 12

Aortic stenosis continuity equation

Answer 12

Ava cm^2= ( 3.14(LVOT /2)^2 x VTI LVOT )/

VTI aortic stenosis jet

Question 13

Simplified continuity equation

Answer 13

Ava=
(3.14(lvot/2)^2 x V lvot)/
V aortic stenosis jet

Question 14

Velocity ratio

Answer 14

V lvot/V as jet

Question 15

Mitral stenosis

Answer 15

Pressure half time valve area:

MVA = 220/T1/2

Question 16

Total stroke volume

Answer 16

TSV= SV lvot= CSA lvot x VTI lvot

Question 17

Forward stroke volume in aortic regurg

Answer 17

FSV= SV mitral ann= CSA ma x VTI ma

Question 18

Regurg volume in AI

Answer 18

RV= TSV-FSV

Question 19

Regurg oriface in AI

Answer 19

ROA = RSV/VTI

Question 20

Total stroke volume in MR

Answer 20

TSV = SV mit ann= CSA ma x VTI ma

Question 21

Forward stroke volume in MR

Answer 21

FSV= SV lvot = CSA lvot x VTI lvot

Question 22

Regurgitant volume in MR

Answer 22

RV =TSV -FSV

Question 23

Regurgitant oriface area MR

Answer 23

ROA= RV/VTI mr

Question 24

Pisa MR flow rate

Answer 24

R fr= 2(3.14)r^2 x V aliasing

Question 25

MR oriface area

Answer 25

ROA= Rfr/V mr

Question 26

MR regurg volume

Answer 26

RV= ROA x VTI mr

Question 27

Qp:Qs

Answer 27

(CSA pa x VTI pa)/ CSA lvot x VTI lvot

Question 28

Concentric remodeling vs concentric hypertrophy

Answer 28

Remodel with increased RWT and Nl mass

Concentric hypertrophy increased mass and increased RWT