Anatomy

Question 0

Aortic cusps

Answer 0

RCC anterior
LCC near pulmonic
NCC always inter atrial septum

Question 1

Flail MV 60 degree view

Answer 1

p3, p2, p1

Question 2

Posterior leaflet of TV

Answer 2

Only seen on Rv inferior view

Question 3

RA

Answer 3

Eustiacian valve- floor of RA directs vid to fossa ovalis
No cor triatriatum in ra
Chair I network mobile

Question 4

LAA

Answer 4

Apical 2 chamber

Question 5

TV posterior leaflet

Answer 5

In dilated Rv. May be seen sub costal

Question 6

LV measurement timing

Answer 6

Not on qrs, but on size
End diastole largest LV: post MV closure
End systole: smallest pre MV opening

Question 7

lspv, rspv

Answer 7

La apical view

Question 8

Masses-age group

Answer 8

Myxoma adults, rare children

Fibroma- age 13- May have Ca- in ventricle or septum

Question 9

Wall motion Index

Answer 9

1:nl 2:hypo 3: AK 4:dysk 5: aneurys

Sum/ # segments
Nl index of 1

Question 10

David procedure

Answer 10

Aov sutured in tube graft valve re suspension

Question 11

Nodules of arantius

Answer 11

Nodules at coarctation points of semilunar valves

Question 12

Inter atrial septal aneurysm

Answer 12

Deviation of 1.5 CM or more

Question 13

Holodiastolic aortic flow reversal

Answer 13

Normal low velocity early diastolic - followed by late brief recoil
Also: PDA, surgical systemic to pulmonary shunt or aortopul window or large av fistulae

Question 14

Structure under Ao arch

Answer 14

Right pul artery

Question 15

Predictor of Sam post mv repair

Answer 15

Mv coaptation < 15 mm
Also ant leaf length > 35 mm
Post length > 15 and small lobotomy diameter

Question 16

RVT

Answer 16

Relative wall thickness

2x inferno lateral wall/ end diastolic diameter

Question 17

Bicuspid anatomy

Most common

Answer 17

Raphe btw r/l

Less common- raphe btw right and bcc

Question 18

Hepatobiliary syndrome

Answer 18

Intrapulmonary av communication

Bubbles after 3-8 cardiac cycles

Question 19

Asd bidirectional shunt

Answer 19

Pfo not bidirectional

Asd bidirectional

Question 20

Hypertrophy and false negative dobutamine stress echo

Answer 20

Increased with concentric remodeling

increased rwt and normal mass

Question 21

Hatless formula

Answer 21

MVA = 220/pht
Pht= 0.29 x DT

Question 22

Restrictive filling pattern

Answer 22

High filling pressures of Lv:
Short dec time, short IVRT 
Diastolic mr
Small a and large d pul vein 
( S:D <<1)

Question 23

E:e’ inaccurate

Answer 23

Basal infarction
Prosthetic mv
Rheumatic mv dz

Question 24

Absence of pericardium

Answer 24

Usually on left pericardium

Commonly associated with other anomalies

Question 25

False negative ventricular interdependence

Answer 25

If la pressure too high or low

Vol overloaded or depleted

Question 26

Persistant LS Vena Cava

Answer 26

Normal variant

Left upper ext returns via coronary sinus to RA

Question 27

Tric v parts

Answer 27

Post leaflet only on Rv inflow
TV :
Ant, post, septal
No lateral leaflet

Question 28

Hypertrophy : concentric vs eccentric

Answer 28

Concent If RWT > 0.42
Ecc if RWT < .42
RWT pwt x2 / lved

Question 29

RWT

Answer 29

Nl< 0.42

Severe > 0.52