Congenital

Question 0

Double outlet RV

Answer 0

More overriding
Sub aortic conus
Mv fibrous segment

Question 1

Parachute mitral

Association

Answer 1

Sub aortic membrane
Single papillary mm
shone complex ( left sided obstructive lesions)

Question 2

Continuous flow

Answer 2

Means Ao to Rv

Vsd does not have continuous flow

Question 3

Valsalva rupture

Answer 3

Associated with supra crystal vsd ( conal vsd)

More common Asian population

Question 4

Stitch artifact

Answer 4

3D echo

Occurs when breath taken during reconstuction

Question 5

Mv score

Answer 5

Abascal score

Calcification

Question 6

AV canal defect

Answer 6

Complete: inlet vsd, primum vsd
Partial: primum vsd, cleft MV

Question 7

Williams syndrome

Answer 7

Supra valvular AS

May overestimate gradient with pressure recovery

Question 8

Shones

Answer 8

Left obstruction

Memb vsd, av canal, congen MS

Question 9

Congenital PS

Answer 9

Systolic doming

Question 10

Noonan’s

Answer 10

Supra valvular pul stenosis
Hypertelorism
Webb nec

Question 11

Turner syndrome

Answer 11

Coarctation

Occ bicuspid

Question 12

Primum asd

association

Answer 12

Associated cleft MV

Question 13

Sinus venosus asd

association:

Answer 13

Partial anomalous pul vein

Question 14

Secundum asd

association:

Answer 14

Valv pul stenosis

Question 15

TTE missed asd

Answer 15

Most missed sinus venosus : high

Question 16

Sinus venosus association

Answer 16

Rv vol overload
Asd/pfo
Must see ra/caval junction

Question 17

Epstein association

Answer 17

Pfo
Asd
Wpw

Question 18

Congenital corrected xposition:

Answer 18

Av insertion
Vent inversion
L transposition do Ao/PV
Ao to anterior and left, PA posterior
Associated: left sided Epstein, pul stenosis, vsd, heart block

Question 19

Congenital M:F ratio

Answer 19

PDA, asd increased in female

Other increased in male

Question 20

VSD long term consequences:

Answer 20

LA and LV enlargement

Question 21

Severe tetralogy

Answer 21

Pulmonary atresia

Requires PDA or collaterals from desc Ao to pul art

Question 22

Tetralogy of fallout

Answer 22

Pul stenosis
Vsd muscular
Asd

Question 23

Rastelli

Answer 23

Rv to pa conduit

( pul stenosis tet- vsd closure with Rv to pa conduit

Question 24

D tga: complete transposition

Answer 24

Most common newborn cyanotic ( texts present later)
Best surg: Jantene ( arterial switch )
If pul stenosis then rastelli then second surg
( survival dependent on PDA, vsd or asd (best)

Question 25

Congenitally corrected transposition association

Answer 25

Vsd associated

Question 26

Congenitally corrected transposition association

Answer 26

Vsd associated

Question 27

Aorta anterior to pulm artery

Answer 27

Suggests TGV - transposition of great vessels

Also aov and pul v in same plane means TGV

Question 28

L TGA pathway

Answer 28

Systemic venous to RA then to LV then out pul artery then returns to LA then out RV to aorta
Vsd, pul stenosis, complete heart block , epsteins
(Congenitally corrected transposition)

Question 29

D TGA

Answer 29

Complete transposition of GA
Requires intervening at birth 
Interatrual baffle ( mustard/ senning) or arterial switch

Question 30

Vsd flow aorta valve

Answer 30

Supra cristal or conal causes the right sinus of valsalva to prolapse -vsd into Rv outflow
Membranous vsd directs to septal tricuspid leaflet

Question 31

Noonan

Answer 31

Pulm stenosis

Develops HCM later

Question 32

Try surg

Answer 32

Blalick taussig: L subclavian to pa

Then vsd patch vsd closure

Question 33

Position of Ao in sax Ltrans

Answer 33

Ao anterior and to left of pul artery

Question 34

Cleft mv

Answer 34

Ass with primum ASD