Key Drugs Flashcards

Question

What drugs or conditions can cause weight loss? Ch. 57 Weight Loss (page 754)

Answer 1

``` ----Drugs---- ADHD Drugs (amphetamine, methylphenidate) Bupropion GLP-1 agonist (exenatide, liraglutide) Pramlintide Roflumilast SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin) Topiramate ``` ----Conditions---- Hyperthyroidism Celiac Disease Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Answer 2

Aspirin, lower doses Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and cyclosporine) Diuretics (loops and thiazides) Niacin Pyrazinamide Select chemotherapy (with tumor lysis syndrome) Select pancreatic enzyme products

Answer 3

ADHD (atomoxetine - Strattera) Analgesics (indomethacin) Antiretrovirals "NNRTIs" (efavirenz in Atripla & rilpivirine in Complera, Odefsey) Cardiovascular "Beta-blockers" (propranolol) Hormones (Hormonal contraceptives & Anabolic Steroids) Antidepressants Benzodiazepines Systemic Steroids Interferons Varenicline Ethanol

Answer 4

------Medications------- Anticholinergics (centrally-acting, high doses) Dextromethorphan Dopamine or dopamine agonists (Requip, Mirapex, Sinemet) Interferons Stimulants Systemic Steroids --> lack of sleep - ICU psychosis ``` ----Illicit Substances---- Bath salts (synthetic cathinones, MDPV) Cannabis Cocaine (esp. crack cocaine) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, hallucinogens) Methamphetamine, ice, crystal Phencyclidine (PCP) ```

Answer 5

Albuterol (if used frequently or incorrectly) Antipsychotics (Abilify, Haldol) Bupropion Caffeine, in high doses Decongestants (PSE) Illicit drugs (cocaine, LSD, methamphetamine) Levothyroxine (if therapeutic OD occurs) Steroids Stimulants (amphetamine, methylphenidate) Theophylline

Answer 6

``` Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil) Alcohol Antiretrovirals (emtricitabine, INSTIs) Aripiprazole Atomoxetine Bupropion Caffeine Decongestants (PSE) Diuretics (due to nocturia) Fluoxetine, if taken late in the day (AM dosing - activating) Steroids Stimulants (methylphenidate, phentermine) Varenicline ```

Answer 7

Phenothiazines (prochlorperazine) used for psychosis, nausea, agitation Butyrophenones (haloperidol, droperidol) used for psychosis and behavior disorders or nausea First & Second Generation Antipsychotics (risperidone "at high doses," paliperidone); lowest risk with quetiapine Metoclopramide, a renally-cleared drug that can accumulate in elderly patients

Answer 8

Antiemetics (promethazine) Antihistamines (diphenhydramine, doxylamine) Antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, aripiprazole) Barbiturates (phenobarbital, butalbital) Benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam) Central anticholinergics (benztropine) Peripheral anticholinergics (incontinence & IBS drugs) Skeletal muscle relaxants (baclofen) Other CNS depressants (opioids, sedative hypnotics)

Answer 9

``` Bupropion Clozapine Theophylline Varenicline Carbapenems (esp. imipenem) Lithium* Meperidine* Penicillin* Quinolones* Tramadol* ``` *High doses and renal impairment increase risk*

Answer 10

``` Aspirin/NSAIDs Bisphosphonates Dabigatran Estrogen products Fish Oil products Iron supplements Nicotine replacement therapy Steroids Tetracyclines ```

Answer 11

``` Antacids (Al- and Ca- containing) Antidiarrheals Clonidine Colesevelam Drugs with anticholinergic effects: --Antihistamines (diphenhydramine) --Antispasmodics (baclofen) --Phenothiazines (prochlorperazine) --TCAs (amitriptyline) --Urge Incontinence drugs (oxybutynin) Iron Non-DHP CCB (Verapamil) Opioids Sucralfate (contains an Al- complex) ```

Answer 12

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil) Antacids (Mg+ containing) Antibiotics (esp. broad-spectrum drugs), diarrhea may be infectious --> C. diff (most associated with Clindamycin) Antidiabetics (metformin, GLP-1 agonists) Antineoplastics (irinotecan, capecitabine, 5-FU, MTX, TKIs) Colchicine Drugs used for constipation (laxatives) Misoprostol Mycophenolate Prokinetic drugs (metoclopramide, cisapride) Protease Inhibitors (esp. nelfinavir) Quinidine Roflumilast

Answer 13

``` Antistaphylococcal penicillins (dicloxacillin, nafcillin) Ceftriaxone Clindamycin Doxycycline Macrolides (azithromycin & erythromycin only) Metronidazole Moxifloxacin Linezolid ```

Answer 14

``` Amphetamine and ADHD drugs Cocaine Decongestants (PSE, PE) Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents Immunosuppressants (cyclosporine) NSAIDs Systemic Steroids ```

Answer 15

``` Chlorothiazide Clevidipine Diltiazem Enalapril Esmolol Hydralazine Labetalol Metoprolol tartrate Nicardipine Nitroglycerin* Nitroprusside* Propranolol Verapamil ``` *vasodilators

Answer 16

-Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (alogliptin, saxagliptin) Immunosuppressants (TNF inhibitors - adalimumab, etanercept) and interferons -Nondihydropyridine CCBs (diltiazem & verapamil "in systolic HF") -Antiarrhythmics (Class I agents - quinidine, flecainide [dronedarone]) & (Amiodarone and dofetilide are preferred in patients with HF) -Thiazolidinediones (increase risk of edema) -Itraconazole -Oncology drugs (Anthracyclines "doxorubicin, daunorubicin") -NSAIDs (all including celecoxib)

Answer 17

- Antiarrhythmics (Class I and Ia) and Class III - Antibiotics (Quinolones and Macrolides) - Azole Antifungals (all except isavuconazonium) - Antidepressants (TCAs - amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin; SSRIs - citalopram, escitalopram; sertraline is preferred in cardiac pts; SNRIs - mirtazapine & trazodone) - Antiemetic drugs (5-HT3 receptor antagonists, droperidol & phenothiazines) - Antipsychotics "most" (chlorpromazine, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, thioridazine, ziprasidone) - Other drugs (donepezil, fingolimod, methadone, tacrolimus)

Answer 18

``` Cephalosporins Dapsone* Isoniazid Levodopa Methyldopa Methylene blue* Nitrofurantoin* Pegloticase* Penicillins Primaquine* Quinidine Quinine Rasburicase* Rifampin Sulfonamides* ``` *Avoid in G6PD deficiency*

Answer 19

``` -----Routine Childhood Series----- Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13, PCV20 Prevnar) ``` -----Additional Vaccines for Functional Asplenia------ Meningococcal conjugate series plus routine boosters Meningococcal serogroup B (Bexsero, Trumenba)* Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23,Pneumovax 23)** Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13,20,Prevnar) x 1 in any patient ≥ 6 yoa, if never received as a part of routine childhood series * at age ≥ 10 yrs * *at age ≥ 2 yrs, booster 5 years later and at age ≥ 65 yrs

Answer 20

- Anticholinergics (oxybutynin, tolterodine, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, TCAs) - Cough, cold & motion sickness medications (antihistamines, scopolamine) - Chronic steroids, esp eye drops such as prednisolone (Pred Forte) - Topiramate (Topamax)

Answer 21

- Retinal changes/retinopathy (Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) - Optic neuropathy (amiodarone "plus corneal deposits," ethambutol, linezolid) - IFIS; causes difficulty in cataract surgery (alpha-blockers "tamsulosin") - Color discrimination (Digoxin "w/ toxicity" - yellow/green vision; PDE-5 (sildenafil) - greenish tinge around objects; Voriconazole - color vision changes) - Vision loss/abnormal vision (Digoxin "w/ toxicity" - blurry, halos; PDE-5 - vision loss in one or both eyes "can be permanent;" Isotretinoin - decr. night vision "can be permanent," dry eyes, irritation; topiramate - visual field defects; Vigabatrin - permanent vision loss "high risk;" voriconazole - abnormal vision, photophobia)

Answer 22

Cocaine SSRI use during pregnancy increase risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of a newborn (PPHN) Weight Loss drugs (diethylpropion, lorcaserin, phendimetrazine, phentermine) Methamphetamines/amphetamines

Answer 23

``` Beta-blockers* Thiazide & Loop Diuretics Tacrolimus Cyclosporine Protease Inhibitors Quinolones* Antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine) Statins Steroids (systemic) Cough syrups Niacin ``` *can cause hypo/hyperglycemia

Answer 24

Beta-blockers* Quinolones* Tramadol *can cause hypo/hyperglycemia

Answer 25

``` Interferons* Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib) Amiodarone* Lithium Carbamazepine ``` Condition: Hashimoto's Disease *can also cause hyperthyroidism

Answer 26

``` Methimazole Propylthiouracil Methyldopa Minocycline Procainamide Hydralazine (alone, and in BiDil) Anti-TNF agents Terbinafine Isoniazid Quinidine ``` My Pretty Malar Marking Probably Has A TransIent Quality

Answer 27

- Acne (Isotretinoin, topical retinoids) - Antibiotics* (FQs, tetracyclines) - Anticoag (Warfarin) - Dyslipidemia, HF & HTN (Statins, RAAS inhibitors "ACEs, ARBs, ARNI") - Hormones (estradiol, progesterone 'including megestrol,' raloxifene, Duavee, testosterone, contraceptives) - Migraine (dihydroergotamine, ergotamine) - Hydroxyurea - Lithium - MTX - Misoprostol - NSAIDs - Paroxetine - Ribavirin - Thalidomide - Topiramate - Weight Loss Drugs - Valproic Acid/Divalproex

Answer 28

- Alcohol - Antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs) - Antihypertensives (b-blockers, clonidine, thiazides) - Antipsychotics (1st gen - chlorpromazine; Prolactin-raising 2nd gen - risperidone, paliperidone) - BPH medications (finasteride, dutasteride, & silodosin)

Answer 29

-Centrally-acting anticholinergics (benztropine) -Anticholinergic classes ==Antihistamines (diphenhydramine) ==Decongestants (PSE, PE) ==Phenothiazines (prochlorperazine) ==TCAs (amitriptyline) -Caffeine -Diuretics -SNRIs -Testosterone products

Answer 30

``` Aminoglycosides Amphotericin B Cisplatin Cyclosporine Loop diuretics NSAIDs Polymyxins Radiographic contrast dye Tacrolimus Vancomycin ```

Answer 31

- Anti-infectives (AMG ↑ dosing interval primarily; Beta-lactams abx 'except antistaphylococcal PCNs & ceftriaxone;' fluconazole; FQs 'except moxi;' vancomycin) - Cardiovascular drugs (LMWH - enoxaparin; AFib = rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran) - GERD drugs (H2RAs, metoclopramide) - Bisphosphonates - Lithium

Answer 32

-----CrCl < 60 mL/min----- Nitrofurantoin -----CrCl < 50 mL/min------ Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate containing products (Atripla, Complera, Delstrigo, Stribild, Symfi, Symfi Lo) Voriconazole IV (vesicant) -----CrCl < 30 mL/min------ Tenofovir alafenamide containing products (Biktarvy, Descovy, Genvoya, Odefsey, Symtuza) NSAIDs Dabigatran & Rivaroxaban (DVT/PE) -----GFR , 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2------- SGLT2i Metformin Meperidine

Answer 33

``` ACEis Aldosterone receptor antagonists ARBs ARNI Canagliflozin Drospirenone-containing COCs Potassium-containing IV fluids (including TPNs) SMX/TMP Transplant drugs (cyclosporine, everolimus, tacrolimus) ```

Answer 34

``` APAP (high doses, acute or chronic) Amiodarone Isoniazid Ketoconazole (PO) MTX Nefazodone NNRTs (esp. nevirapine) NRTIs Propylthiouracil Tipranavir Valproic Acid ```