Key Definitions Flashcards
What is a silent mutation?
A change in DNA base sequence that does not lead to a change in protein structure
What is a mutagenic agent?
A factor which increases the frequency of mutations
What is an acquired mutation?
A mutation which occurs in a cell after conception
What is an hereditary mutation?
A mutation which occurs in sex cells which is passed on to offspring. All cells of the offspring contain this mutation.
What is a Proto-oncogene?
A section of DNA which codes for a protein that stimulates mitosis
What is a carcinogen?
A substance which is capable of causing cancer
What is an Oncogene?
A mutated proto-oncogene which codes for a changed protein that stimulated uncontrolled mitosis
What is a tumour suppressor gene?
A section of DNA which codes for a protein that inhibits mitosis
What is a tumour?
A lump of cells dividing rapidly and uncontrollably
What is a benign tumour?
A tumour which does not invade neighbouring tissues and does not spread to other parts of the body
What is a malignant tumour?
A tumour which invades neighbouring cells and can spread to other parts of the body
What is methylation of DNA?
Addition of methyl to DNA
