Key Concepts in Chemistry Flashcards
What are bonds
forces of attraction that hold atoms together
What are ionic bonds
Forces of attractions between a metal and a non-metals
What happens when bonds form
Energy is released from the atoms
What does energy being released mean
It makes bonds more stable/less reactive
Where are forces most often
Between all negatively and positively charged objects
What are forces between negatively and positively charged objects called
Electrostatic forces
What do electrostatic forces do
Hold oppositely charged ions together and form an ionic bond between them
What group has the strongest bonds
Noble gases
Why do noble gases have the strongest bonds
Their outer shells are full
What are metal atoms that lose electrons called
Cations - positive ions
What is a characteristic of cations
They have more protons than electrons
What are non-metal atoms that gain electrons called
Anions - negative ions
What is a characteristic of anions
They have more electrons than protons
What are ionic compounds held together by
Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
What do strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions packed together form
Ionic lattice structures
What do ionic compounds often form when solid
Crystals
Why do ionic compounds form crystals when solid
Because of their regular lattice structure
What charges do ionic compounds have
No overall charge/ Electrically neutral
What does it mean when an ion ends with ‘-ate’ or ‘-ite’
It shows that the ion contains oxygen as well as another element
What is a property of an ionic compound
They contain charged particles called ions
What do ions contain
1 or more positive or negative charges
What is a characteristic of Ionic compounds
High melting and boiling points
What do high melting and boiling points mean
Electrostatic forces are strong - a lot of energy is needed to break these forces to separate the ions
What happens if an ion has more than 1 charge
They attract other ions more strongly than ions with 1 charge
