Key concepts

Question 1

tell the dates of formation of earth, fossil bacteria, fossil eukaryotes and animals

Answer 1

earth-4.5 billion y.a.
fossil bacteria- 3.8 billion y.a.
fossil eukaryotes -1.5 y.a
animal- 0.6 billion y.a

Question 2

what amount of microbes do humans contain

Answer 2

10 ^ 14 bacteria cells and 10% of dried human weight

Question 3

Biofilm

Answer 3

Community, formation of colonies by microorganisms

Question 4

Give example of biofilm

Answer 4

dental plaque can produce waste product increase activity lead to tooth decay

Question 5

Name 6 types of microbes

Answer 5

Bacteria, Archae, algae, protozoa, virus , fungi

Question 6

endospore

Answer 6

produced by bacteria, preserves genetic material under stress environment

Question 7

What are hydrocolloids

Answer 7

carrageenan element of micro algae, used in industry as thickener, stabiliser and gelling

Question 8

Red tide Florida

Answer 8

caused by gymnodinium breve, a dinoflagellate produced brevitoxins which caused neurotic shell fish poisoning

Question 9

How archae used in industry

Answer 9

as amylases, galactosidase, pullunases in species of Procococcus

Question 10

toxigenic filamentous fungi

Answer 10

produce micro toxins
usually found in dry and long shelf life food
penecilium species

Question 11

How protozoa is categorised

Answer 11

has flagellum

free living, water born and parasitic- requires a host

Question 12

name viruses ways of transmission

Answer 12

Heptatisis A - shellfish and fruits
Heptatisis E- pork
Noravirus - shell fish
Rotavirus - water born

Question 13

What virus can cause

Answer 13

gastroenteritis