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Chemistry > Key concepts > Flashcards

Key concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

How is a chemical symbol written?

A
  1. consists of one or two letters
  2. always starts with a capital letter with any other letter in lower case
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2
Q

How are groups numbered?

A

1 to 7 then 0

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3
Q

How are groups arranged?

A

Metals are found left and non metals are found on the right.

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4
Q

what do chemical formula represent?

A

they are used to represent and element or compound on the elements they represent.

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5
Q

What is a compound?

A

a chemical union of two or more elements.

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6
Q

what does a chemical formula of a compound show?

A
  1. the symbols for each element in compound
  2. the number of atoms of each element
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7
Q

What is an ion?

A

a charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms lose/gains electrons.

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8
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

a bond from e between two atoms where an electron is transferred from an atom to another.

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9
Q

what is an ionic compound?

A

atoms joined together by ionic bonds (usually contain one metal element)

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10
Q

What are reactants?

A

the substances that react together in a chemical reaction.

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11
Q

What are products?

A

when atoms or ions in reactions join back together in a different way.

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12
Q

what is a balanced chemical equation?

A

written using the symbols and formulae of reactant and products.

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13
Q

What is the state symbol of a solid

A

(s)

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14
Q

What is the state symbol of liquid?

A

(l)

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15
Q

What is the state symbol of gas?

A

(g)

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16
Q

What is the state symbol of an aqueous solution?

A

(aq)

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17
Q

What is a hazard symbol?

A

provides a warning

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18
Q

What does corrosive mean?

A

able to damage metal, clothes and skin.

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19
Q

What are examples of corrosion?

A

strong acids and alkalis

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20
Q

what is a precaution?

A

something that can reduce a risk

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21
Q

what is a risk assessment?

A

working out the likelihood of harm or damage

22
Q

What were daltons ideas?

A

atoms cannot be broken down
atoms of same element are indentical

23
Q

What is a subatomic particle?

A

Objects found in atoms.

24
Q

What is an example of subatomic particle?

A

protons neutrons electrons

25
Q

What is the structure of an atom?

A

has a central nucleus surrounded by electrons arranged in areas called shells

26
Q

What is a nuclei?

A

plural of nucleus

27
Q

What is inside nuclei?

A

subatomic particles

28
Q

What is mass?

A

the amount of matter an object contains

29
Q

What is an electrical charge?

A

an imbalance of electrons and protons in a material.

30
Q

How to find out the protons?

A

atomic number

31
Q

how to find out the number of electrons?

A

atomic numbers

32
Q

how to find out the number of neutrons?

A

mass number - atomic numbers

33
Q

what are isotopes?

A

atoms with the same number of proton and electrons but different neutrons.

34
Q

What is an isotope named after?

A

is named after the element and the mass number of its atoms.

35
Q

What is a relative atomic masses?

A

The mean relative mass of the atoms of the different isotopes in an element.

36
Q

What are mass numbers?

A

always whole numbers

37
Q

What are relative atomic masses?

A

often rounded to the whole number

38
Q

what are groups on a periodic table?

A

vertical column in the periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties.

39
Q

How do metals form positively charged ions

A

lose electrons

40
Q

How do non-metals form negatively charged ions

A

gain electrons

41
Q

What are positively charged ions called?

A

cations

42
Q

What are negatively charged ions called?

A

anions

43
Q

How do cations and anions form?

A

when a metal reacts with a non metal

44
Q

What is a ionic lattice?

A

the original arrangement of ions

45
Q

What is the symbol for Relative formula mass?

A

Mr

46
Q

What is a metal?

A

a good conductor of electricity and heat which forms basic oxides

47
Q

What are non-metals?

A

a bad conductor of electricity and heat which forms acidic oxides

48
Q

What is density?

A

a measure of compactness and the ratio of mass to volume

49
Q

What is a ductile material?

A

capable of being draw into thin sheets or wires

50
Q

What is a brittle substance?

A

easily broken

51
Q

what is a malleable substance?

A

hard to break

52
Q

What is electrostatic force?

A

a force of attraction between particles with opposite charges

Chemistry (7 decks)

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