Key concepts Flashcards
How is a chemical symbol written?
- consists of one or two letters
- always starts with a capital letter with any other letter in lower case
How are groups numbered?
1 to 7 then 0
How are groups arranged?
Metals are found left and non metals are found on the right.
what do chemical formula represent?
they are used to represent and element or compound on the elements they represent.
What is a compound?
a chemical union of two or more elements.
what does a chemical formula of a compound show?
- the symbols for each element in compound
- the number of atoms of each element
What is an ion?
a charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms lose/gains electrons.
What are ionic bonds?
a bond from e between two atoms where an electron is transferred from an atom to another.
what is an ionic compound?
atoms joined together by ionic bonds (usually contain one metal element)
What are reactants?
the substances that react together in a chemical reaction.
What are products?
when atoms or ions in reactions join back together in a different way.
what is a balanced chemical equation?
written using the symbols and formulae of reactant and products.
What is the state symbol of a solid
(s)
What is the state symbol of liquid?
(l)
What is the state symbol of gas?
(g)
What is the state symbol of an aqueous solution?
(aq)
What is a hazard symbol?
provides a warning
What does corrosive mean?
able to damage metal, clothes and skin.
What are examples of corrosion?
strong acids and alkalis
what is a precaution?
something that can reduce a risk
what is a risk assessment?
working out the likelihood of harm or damage
What were daltons ideas?
atoms cannot be broken down
atoms of same element are indentical
What is a subatomic particle?
Objects found in atoms.
What is an example of subatomic particle?
protons neutrons electrons
What is the structure of an atom?
has a central nucleus surrounded by electrons arranged in areas called shells
What is a nuclei?
plural of nucleus
What is inside nuclei?
subatomic particles
What is mass?
the amount of matter an object contains
What is an electrical charge?
an imbalance of electrons and protons in a material.
How to find out the protons?
atomic number
how to find out the number of electrons?
atomic numbers
how to find out the number of neutrons?
mass number - atomic numbers
what are isotopes?
atoms with the same number of proton and electrons but different neutrons.
What is an isotope named after?
is named after the element and the mass number of its atoms.
What is a relative atomic masses?
The mean relative mass of the atoms of the different isotopes in an element.
What are mass numbers?
always whole numbers
What are relative atomic masses?
often rounded to the whole number
what are groups on a periodic table?
vertical column in the periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties.
How do metals form positively charged ions
lose electrons
How do non-metals form negatively charged ions
gain electrons
What are positively charged ions called?
cations
What are negatively charged ions called?
anions
How do cations and anions form?
when a metal reacts with a non metal
What is a ionic lattice?
the original arrangement of ions
What is the symbol for Relative formula mass?
Mr
What is a metal?
a good conductor of electricity and heat which forms basic oxides
What are non-metals?
a bad conductor of electricity and heat which forms acidic oxides
What is density?
a measure of compactness and the ratio of mass to volume
What is a ductile material?
capable of being draw into thin sheets or wires
What is a brittle substance?
easily broken
what is a malleable substance?
hard to break
What is electrostatic force?
a force of attraction between particles with opposite charges
