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Chemistry > Earth and Atmosphere > Flashcards

Earth and Atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

How were Oceans formed?

A

The water vapour in the atmosphere condensed.

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3
Q

What are some consequences of climate change?

A

Rising sea levels
Reduced biodiversity
Changed migration patterns

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4
Q

What are negative effects of acid rain?

A

Kill plants
Damages buildings
Corrodes statues

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5
Q

How are coal, crude oil and natural gas formed?

A

When plants die they don’t decompose properly under high temperature the materials will form them

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6
Q

What are the 6 components of crude oil?

A

Bitumen
Heavy fuel oil
Diesel oil
Kerosene
Petrol
LPG

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7
Q

What are 3 human activated that affect the amount of greenhouse gases?

A

Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels
Farming animals

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8
Q

What are alleles?

A

Hydrocarbons with a double bond between the two carbon atoms

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9
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere is nitrogen?

A

78 percent

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10
Q

Why are long-chain hydrocarbons bad fuels?

A

They are not very flammable
They are hard to combust for energy

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11
Q

What is an alkane?

A

a saturated hydrocarbon
(no double bonds)

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12
Q

What are the 3 properties of short hydrocarbons?

A

Volatile
Runny
Flammable

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13
Q

What is diesel, kerosene and petrol used for?

A

They are used as fuel for vehicles

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14
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

a layer of gases surrounding the Earth, held in place by gravity.

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15
Q

Why are the products of cracking useful?

A

Shorter hydrocarbons make better fuel
used as feed stock

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16
Q

When did algae start producing oxygen?

A

2.7 billion years ago

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17
Q

Why is there not an alkene called methane?

A

There is only 1 carbon atom

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18
Q

What is the equation for the burning of hydrogen in oxygen?

A

2H2 + O2 + 2H2O

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19
Q

What colour is the flame when burning hydrogen in oxygen?

A

Pale blue flame

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20
Q

How does catalytic crackling work?

A

Alkanes heated into a gas
the gas is passed over a hot aluminium oxide catalyst
Breaks the long chain

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21
Q

is Crude oil renewable?

A

No as it’s a finite resource

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22
Q

How can the combustion of fossil fuels form subdue dioxide?

A

when fossil fuels combust suffer oxidises into suffer dioxide

23
Q

Is magnesium oxide acidic, neutral or alkaline when dissolved in water?

A

alkaline

24
Q

What is the equation for burning magnesium in oxygen?

A

2Mg + O2 + 2MgO

25
Q

What colour is the flame when burning magnesium in oxygen?

A

white flame

26
Q

What does the term saturated mean when talking about hydrocarbons?

A

no carbon-carbon double bonds

27
Q

Why do short chain hydrocarbons make good fuels?

A

flammable
volatile
easy to combust for energy

28
Q

What are the first 4 alkenes?

A

ethene
propene
butene
pentene

29
Q

What is the equation for the burning of sulfur in oxygen?

A

S + O2 -> SO2

30
Q

What colour will the flame be when burning sulfur in oxygen?

A

Pale blue flame

31
Q

What type of reaction is cracking an example of?

A

thermal decomposition reaction?

32
Q

What catalyst is used in catalytic cracking?

A

Hot powdered aluminium oxide

33
Q

Do hydrocarbons with long or short chains have a lower boiling point?

A

shorter chains have lower boiling points

34
Q

What happened to Earths atmosphere in the first billion years?

A

very volcanic realising lots of carbon dioxide and nitrogen

35
Q

Are alkenes saturated?

A

no as they have carbon-carbon double bond

36
Q

What happens to the temperature as you move up the fractioning column?

A

The temperature is cooler towards the top

37
Q

What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?

A

Incomplete happens when there’s limited oxygen
Complete is where there is plenty of oxygen

38
Q

What does thermal decomposition mean?

A

to break down something using heat

39
Q

What is climate change?

A

long term shift in temperatures in weather patterns

40
Q

What pollutants can incomplete combustion
produce?

A

Carbon
Carbon monoxide
Unburnt hydrocarbons

41
Q

What is the equation for thermal decomposition of metal carbonate?

A

Metal carbonate -> Metal oxide + Carbon Dioxide

42
Q

How is stream cracking different to catalytic cracking?

A

there is no catalyst involved in steam cracking

43
Q

What is limestone made from?

A

calcium carbonate deposits

44
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

any compound which only contains carbon and hydrogen

45
Q

What is the structure of propane?

A

three carbons
eight hydrogens

46
Q

What is crude oil?

A

a mixture of many compounds
mainly hydrocarbons
fossil fuel

47
Q

What colour change occurs when you add bromine water to alkenes?

A

Orange -> colourless

48
Q

are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

A

Saturated

49
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

A

it has no smell or colour so it’s hard to detect
It binds to haemoglobin so less oxygen

50
Q

What is global warming?

A

the long term heating of the Earths atmosphere

51
Q

How has the atmosphere changed since earth was formed?

A

The water vapor cooled and formed oceans
CO2 dissolved in oceans

52
Q

How are hydrocarbons formed from crude oil uses as feed stock?

A

they can be used to make new compounds

53
Q

What is a general formula?

A

tells you the ration between each type of atom using algebra

54
Q

How is weather different to climate?

A

Climate is long term
Weather is short term

Chemistry (7 decks)

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