Earth and Atmosphere

Question 1

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 1

CnH2n+2

Question 2

How were Oceans formed?

Answer 2

The water vapour in the atmosphere condensed.

Question 3

What are some consequences of climate change?

Answer 3

Rising sea levels
Reduced biodiversity
Changed migration patterns

Question 4

What are negative effects of acid rain?

Answer 4

Kill plants
Damages buildings
Corrodes statues

Question 5

How are coal, crude oil and natural gas formed?

Answer 5

When plants die they don’t decompose properly under high temperature the materials will form them

Question 6

What are the 6 components of crude oil?

Answer 6

Bitumen
Heavy fuel oil
Diesel oil
Kerosene
Petrol
LPG

Question 7

What are 3 human activated that affect the amount of greenhouse gases?

Answer 7

Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels
Farming animals

Question 8

What are alleles?

Answer 8

Hydrocarbons with a double bond between the two carbon atoms

Question 9

What percentage of the atmosphere is nitrogen?

Answer 9

78 percent

Question 10

Why are long-chain hydrocarbons bad fuels?

Answer 10

They are not very flammable
They are hard to combust for energy

Question 11

What is an alkane?

Answer 11

a saturated hydrocarbon
(no double bonds)

Question 12

What are the 3 properties of short hydrocarbons?

Answer 12

Volatile
Runny
Flammable

Question 13

What is diesel, kerosene and petrol used for?

Answer 13

They are used as fuel for vehicles

Question 14

What is the atmosphere?

Answer 14

a layer of gases surrounding the Earth, held in place by gravity.

Question 15

Why are the products of cracking useful?

Answer 15

Shorter hydrocarbons make better fuel
used as feed stock

Question 16

When did algae start producing oxygen?

Answer 16

2.7 billion years ago

Question 17

Why is there not an alkene called methane?

Answer 17

There is only 1 carbon atom

Question 18

What is the equation for the burning of hydrogen in oxygen?

Answer 18

2H2 + O2 + 2H2O

Question 19

What colour is the flame when burning hydrogen in oxygen?

Answer 19

Pale blue flame

Question 20

How does catalytic crackling work?

Answer 20

Alkanes heated into a gas
the gas is passed over a hot aluminium oxide catalyst
Breaks the long chain

Question 21

is Crude oil renewable?

Answer 21

No as it’s a finite resource

Question 22

How can the combustion of fossil fuels form subdue dioxide?

Answer 22

when fossil fuels combust suffer oxidises into suffer dioxide

Question 23

Is magnesium oxide acidic, neutral or alkaline when dissolved in water?

Answer 23

alkaline

Question 24

What is the equation for burning magnesium in oxygen?

Answer 24

2Mg + O2 + 2MgO

Question 25

What colour is the flame when burning magnesium in oxygen?

Answer 25

white flame

Question 26

What does the term saturated mean when talking about hydrocarbons?

Answer 26

no carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 27

Why do short chain hydrocarbons make good fuels?

Answer 27

flammable volatile easy to combust for energy

Question 28

What are the first 4 alkenes?

Answer 28

ethene propene butene pentene

Question 29

What is the equation for the burning of sulfur in oxygen?

Answer 29

S + O2 -> SO2

Question 30

What colour will the flame be when burning sulfur in oxygen?

Answer 30

Pale blue flame

Question 31

What type of reaction is cracking an example of?

Answer 31

thermal decomposition reaction?

Question 32

What catalyst is used in catalytic cracking?

Answer 32

Hot powdered aluminium oxide

Question 33

Do hydrocarbons with long or short chains have a lower boiling point?

Answer 33

shorter chains have lower boiling points

Question 34

What happened to Earths atmosphere in the first billion years?

Answer 34

very volcanic realising lots of carbon dioxide and nitrogen

Question 35

Are alkenes saturated?

Answer 35

no as they have carbon-carbon double bond

Question 36

What happens to the temperature as you move up the fractioning column?

Answer 36

The temperature is cooler towards the top

Question 37

What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?

Answer 37

Incomplete happens when there's limited oxygen Complete is where there is plenty of oxygen

Question 38

What does thermal decomposition mean?

Answer 38

to break down something using heat

Question 39

What is climate change?

Answer 39

long term shift in temperatures in weather patterns

Question 40

What pollutants can incomplete combustion produce?

Answer 40

Carbon Carbon monoxide Unburnt hydrocarbons

Question 41

What is the equation for thermal decomposition of metal carbonate?

Answer 41

Metal carbonate -> Metal oxide + Carbon Dioxide

Question 42

How is stream cracking different to catalytic cracking?

Answer 42

there is no catalyst involved in steam cracking

Question 43

What is limestone made from?

Answer 43

calcium carbonate deposits

Question 44

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 44

any compound which only contains carbon and hydrogen

Question 45

What is the structure of propane?

Answer 45

three carbons eight hydrogens

Question 46

What is crude oil?

Answer 46

a mixture of many compounds mainly hydrocarbons fossil fuel

Question 47

What colour change occurs when you add bromine water to alkenes?

Answer 47

Orange -> colourless

Question 48

are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

Answer 48

Saturated

Question 49

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

Answer 49

it has no smell or colour so it's hard to detect It binds to haemoglobin so less oxygen

Question 50

What is global warming?

Answer 50

the long term heating of the Earths atmosphere

Question 51

How has the atmosphere changed since earth was formed?

Answer 51

The water vapor cooled and formed oceans CO2 dissolved in oceans

Question 52

How are hydrocarbons formed from crude oil uses as feed stock?

Answer 52

they can be used to make new compounds

Question 53

What is a general formula?

Answer 53

tells you the ration between each type of atom using algebra

Question 54

How is weather different to climate?

Answer 54

Climate is long term Weather is short term