key concepts

Question 1

mediators of inflammation (5)

Answer 1

1. Histamine
2. Prostaglandins and leukotienes
3. Cytokines
4. Chemotactic factors
5. Acute phase proteins

Question 2

skin defenses

Answer 2

epidermis
sweat
sebum

Question 3

secrete IgA

Answer 3

respiratory mucosa

Question 4

rapid response, short life span, pathogen killing

Answer 4

Granulocytes and neutrophils

Question 5

rapid response, longer life span, antigen presentation

Answer 5

macrophage, dendritic cell, natural killer cell

Question 6

Antibody production

Answer 6

B-cell

Question 7

secretes cytokines and chemokines

Answer 7

CD4 T cell

Question 8

most critical for communication between Innate and Adaptive immune systems

Answer 8

dendritic cell

Question 9

Located throughout the body (primary, secondary, and blood)

Answer 9

Dendritic cell

Question 10

direct killing

Answer 10

CD8 T cell

Question 11

primary lymphoid tissue

Answer 11

bone marrow and thymus

Question 12

Secondary lymphoid tissue

Answer 12

lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
intestinal peyers patches

Question 13

Site of B and T cell encounters

Answer 13

lymph nodes

Question 14

Where to B and T cells encounter antigen

Answer 14

Tissues or blood

Question 15

Where do B and T cells go after encountering an antigen?

Answer 15

Secondary lymphoid tissues (nodes, spleen, gut.)

Question 16

Releases internal signals of cell injury and death

Answer 16

DAMPs (Danger-associated molecular patterns)

Question 17

Examples of cause of DAMPs

Answer 17

MI, ankle fracture, trauma, internal disease

Question 18

Pathogen invasion brings:

Answer 18

PAMPs (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns)

Question 19

When tissue damage occurs without pathogen invasion

Answer 19

sterile inflammation

Question 20

Activation of inflammatory response

Answer 20

tissue sentinel cells activate, mast cells degranulate and macrophages secrete cytokines

Question 21

what happens in response to DAMP and PAMP?

Answer 21

Blood vessels dilate, capillary permeability increases, further recruiting blood flow, plasma proteins of the complement system, and WBC to injured area

Question 22

Sequence of acute inflammation (a)

Answer 22

Recognition (detection by PRRs in tissue) activate mast cells and macrophages

Question 23

Sequence of acute inflammation (b)

Answer 23

recruitment (leukocytes recruited, antibodies and complement proteins accumulate.

pathogens destroyed by neutrophils and antibodies and complement

Question 24

Sequence of acute inflammation (c)

Answer 24

Resolution: Healing occurs, anti-inflammatory mediators are secreted.

Neutrophils release ROS to kill bug

Macrophages phagocytose debris (Pus occurs if walling off occurs).

Question 25

Sequence of acute inflammation (d)

Answer 25

Resolution: wound healing

Macrophages secrete fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor

Tissues and capillaries are replaced