Key Associations (First Aid Rapid Review) Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing’s ulcer
Increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burn
A
Curling’s ulcer
Greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
HTN
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm
Abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis) Vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan’s syndrome
Idiopathic cystic medial degeneration
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy
fibrosis and shrinkage
A
Sickle cell anemia
Hemoglobin S
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B streptococcus (newborns)
S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
14
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus
m/c in first two decades
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GbIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
Defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
or
spratentorial: craniophayrngioma (cerebellum)
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
in the U.S., 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer
19
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma
In postmenopausal women
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma
Often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis
1st degree myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or synringomyelia)
25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation
| Associated with high risk of emboli
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
| can also cause pernicious anemia
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis
(type I: postmenopausal woman)
(type II: elderly man or woman)
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
| Hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
| Inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile
32
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world)
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing's syndrome
Iatrogenic Cushing's (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical denoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secretinanosis (earlyg pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing's (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
36
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great Vessels
Truncus arteriosus
37
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD
ASD
PDA
38
Death in CML
Blast crisis
39
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
40
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease
| Multiple infarcts
41
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
42
DIC
```
Severe sepsis
Obstetric complication
Cancer
Burns
Trauma
Major surgery
```
43
Dietary deficit
Iron
44
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum
| Diagnosed by barium swallow
45
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)
| Adenocarcinoma (U.S)
47
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus
| B. cereus
48
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease
| IgA nephropathy
49
Gynecologic malignancy
```
Endometrial carcinoma (m/c in US)
Cervical carcinoma (m/c worldwide)
```
50
Heart murmur, congenital
MVP
51
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > Aortic (rheumatic fever)
| Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
52
Helminth infection (U.S)
Enterobius vermicularis
| Ascaris lumbricoides
53
Hematoma-epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
| Trauma, Lentiform shaped
54
Hematoma-subdural
Rupture of bridging veins
| Crescent shaped
55
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation
| Can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
56
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver
| Associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism
57
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's disease
58
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome
| Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
59
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter's syndrome
Ulcerative colitis
Psoriasis
60
HLA-DR3 or DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
61
Holosystolic murmur
VSD
Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation
62
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial damage
Blood stasis
Virchow's triad
| Result in venous thrombosis
63
Hypertension, secondary
Renal disease
64
HYPOparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
HYPOpituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually BENIGN tumor)
66
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
HepC
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus
E. coli
Aspergillus (catalase positive)
68
Kidney stones
Calcium=radiopague
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopque (formed by ureas-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid=radioLUCENT
69
Late cyanotic shunt
| Uncorrected left to right becomes right to left
Eisenmenger's syndrome
| Caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia
70
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
71
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
72
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
73
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
74
Malignancy (kids)
ALL
| Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
75
Mental retardation
Down syndrome
| Fragile X syndrome
76
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast >
Lung >
Thyroid, testes
77
Metastasis to brain
```
Lung >
Breast >
Genitourinary >
Osteosarcoma >
Melanoma >
GI
```
78
Metastasis to liver
Colon >>
| Stomach, pancreas
79
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females
| Inherited through females ONLY
80
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
81
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
82
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
85
Neuron migration failure
```
Kallmann syndrome
(Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
```
86
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella
E. coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
87
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Opportunistic infection in AIDs
Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly carinii) pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
91
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use
Pseudomonas
| S. aureus
93
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor
| Mucin-secreting signet-ring cell
94
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones
| Alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
```
Alcohol (adults)
Cystic fibrosis (kids)
```
98
Patient w/
| ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult >60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 30-60
99
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia chromosome t(9; 22) (bcr-abl)
CML
| may sometimes be associated w/ ALL/AML
101
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma
| Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
102
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
103
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
104
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas
Hyperplasia
Carcinoma
106
Primary liver cancer
```
Hepatocellular carcinoma
(Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency)
```
107
Pulmonary HTN
COPD
108
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
109
Renal tumor
```
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking
Paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
```
110
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling
| Left to Right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF]
112
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle
| Aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy
113
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of CKD
114
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia
| usually coinfected with gonorrhea
115
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
116
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
117
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta >
Coronary artery >
Popliteal artery >
Carotid artery
118
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
119
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
| Gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas
120
t(14:18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
121
t(8;14)
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
122
t(9;22)
Philadephia chromosome
| CML; bcr-abl fusion
123
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery
Polymyalgia rheumatica
124
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
125
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
126
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma
| Estrogen dependent, NOT precancerous
127
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma
| Usually regresses spontaneously by childhood
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma
| Usually benign
129
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma
| malignant
130
Type of Hodgkin's
```
Nodular sclerosis
(vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
```
131
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Diffuse large cell
132
UTI
```
E. coli
Staphlococcus saprophyticus (young women)
```
133
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
134
Vitamin deficiency (U.S)
Folate
| Pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents NT defects
