Classic Presentations (First Aid Rapid Review) Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal pain
Ascites
Hepatomegaly
A
Budd-Chiary syndrome
post-hepatic venous thrombosis
2
Q
Achilles tendon xanthoma
A
Familial hypercholesterolemia
decreased LDL receptor signaling
3
Q
Adrenal hemorrhage
Hypotension
DIC
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Meningococcemia
4
Q
Arachnodactylyl
Lens dislocation
Aortic dissection
Hyperflexible joints
A
Marfan’s syndrome
Fibrillin defect
5
Q
Athelete w/ polycythemia
A
Secondary to erythropoietin injection
6
Q
Back pain
Fever, Night Sweats, Weight Loss
A
Pott disease
Vertebral TB
7
Q
Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Uveitis
A
Sarcoidosis
Noncaseating granuloma
8
Q
Blue sclera
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
9
Q
Bluish line on gingiva
A
Burton line
Lead poisoning
10
Q
Bone pain
Bone enlargement
Arthritis
A
Paget disease of bone
Increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity
11
Q
Bounding pulses
Diastolic heart murmur
Head bobbing
A
Aortic regurgitation
12
Q
“Butterfly” facial rash
Raynaud phenomenon
Young female
A
Systemic lupus erythematosus
13
Q
Cafe-au-lait spots Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
A
Neurofibromatosis type I
+ pheochromcytoma, optic gliomas
14
Q
Cafe-au-lait spots
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Precocious puberty
Multiple endocrine abnormalities
A
MuCune-Albright syndrome
mosaic G-protein signaling mutation
15
Q
Calf pseudohypertrophy
A
Muscular dystrophy (m/c Duchenne) (X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene)
16
Q
“Cherry-red spots” on macula
A
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
or
Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
Central retinal artery occlusion
17
Q
Chest pain on exertion
A
Angina
stable: with moderate exertion
(unstable: with minimal exertion)
18
Q
Chest pain
Pericardial effusion/friction rub
Persistent fever following MI
A
Dressler syndrome
(AI-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis)
(1-12wks after acute episode)
19
Q
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
A
Gowers sign
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
20
Q
Child w/ fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
A
“Slapped cheeks”
Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19
21
Q
Chorea
Dementia
Caudate degeneration
A
Hungtinton disease (Autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
22
Q
Chronic exercise intolerance w/: Myalgia Fatique Painful cramps Myoglobinuria
A
McArdle disease (Muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
23
Q
Cold intolerance
A
Hypothyroidism
24
Q
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy
Horizontal diplopia
A
Internuclear opthalmoplegia
Damage to MLF; bilateral [Multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke]
25
Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur
PDA
(Close w/ indomethacin)
(Open or maintain w/ misoprostol)
26
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition
Myxedema
| Caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial]
27
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
| AIDS patient
Kaposi sarcoma
| associated w/ HHV-8
28
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
```
Kussmaul respiration
(diabetic ketoacidosis)
```
29
Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
Pellagra
| niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency
30
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Edema
Alcholism or malnutrition
```
Web berberi
(thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
```
31
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasteurella multocida
| cellulitis at inoculation site
32
Dry eyes
Dry mouth
Arthritis
```
Sjogren syndrome
(AI destruction of exocrine glands)
```
33
Dysphagia (esophageal webs)
Glossitis
Iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
| may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
34
Elastic skin
| Hypermobility of joints
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
| Type III collagen defect
35
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
```
Virchow node
(Abdominal metastasis)
```
36
Erythroderma
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
Atypical T cells
```
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
or
Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
```
37
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign
| Hypocalcemia
38
Fat
Female
Forty
Fertile
Cholelithiasis
| gallstones
39
Fever, Chills
Headache
Myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
| rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release
40
```
Fever
Cough
Conjunctivitis
Coryza
Diffuse rash
```
Measles
41
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
42
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie disease
| CT disorder
43
Gout
Intellectual disability
Self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
(HGPRT deficiency)
(X-linked recessive)
44
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings
| Copper accumulation from Wilson disease
45
Hamartomatous GI polyps
| Hyperpigmentaiton of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
(Inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction)
(Increased cancer risk, mainly GI)
46
Hepatosplenomegaly
Osteoporosis
Neurologic symptoms
```
Gaucher disease
(Glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
```
47
Hereditary nephritis
Sensorineural hearing loss
Cataracts
Alport syndrome
| mutation in collagen IV
48
Hyperphagia
Hypersexuality
Hyperorality
Hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
| bilateral amygdala lesion
49
Hyperreflexia
Hypertonia
Babinski sign present
UMN damage
50
Hyporeflexia
Hypotonia
Atrophy
Fasciculations
LMN damage
51
Hypoxemia
Polycythemia
Hypercapnia
"Blue bloater"
| Chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells
52
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Nonpainful: chancre (Primary symphilis, Treponema pallidum)
Painful, w/ exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
53
Infant w/ cleft lip/palate
Microcephaly or holoprosencephaly
Polydactyly
Cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome
| trisomy 13
54
Infant w/ failure to thrive
Hepatosplenomegaly
Nerudegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease
| genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency
55
Infant w/ hypoglycemia
Failure to thrive
Hepatomegaly
```
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
or
Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
```
56
Infant w/ microcephaly
Rocker-bottom feet
Clenched hands
Structural heart defect
Edwards syndrome
| Trisomy 18
57
Jaundice
| Palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
```
Curvoisier sign
(distal obstruction of biliary tree)
```
58
Large rash w/ bull's eye appearance
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite
| Lyme disease: Borrelia
59
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Epidural hematoma
| Middle meningeal artery rupture
60
Male child
Recurrent infections
No mature B cells
Bruton disease
| X-linked agammaglobulinemia
61
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
```
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
(defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
```
62
Muffled heart sounds
Distended neck veins
Hypotension
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
63
Multiple colon polyps
Osteomas/soft tissue tumors
Impacted/supernumerary teeth
```
Gardner syndrome
(Subtype of FAP)
```
64
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
| Exercise intolerance
```
Pompe disease
(Lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
```
65
Neonate w/ arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy
| Superior trunk [C5-C6] branchial plexus injury: "waiter's tip"
66
No lactation postpartum
Absent mentruation
Cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome
| pituitary infarction
67
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Scanning speech
Bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
Multiple sclerosis
68
Oscillating slow/fast breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
| Central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure
69
Painful blue fingers/toes
| Hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease
| AI hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
70
Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
Raynaud phenomenon
| vasopasm in extremities
71
Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes
```
Osler nodes
(Infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
```
72
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
```
Janeway lesions
(Infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)
```
73
Painless jaundice
Cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
74
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs
Joint pain
Abdominal pain (child)
Hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
| IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys
75
Pancreatic
Pituitary
Parathyroid tumors
```
MEN 1
(Autosomal dominant)
```
76
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome
77
Pink complexion
Dyspnea
Hyperventilation
"Pink puffer"
| Emphysema: centriacinar [smoking]; panacinar [alpha-antitrypsin deficiency]
78
```
Polyuria
Renal tubular acidosis Type II
Growth failure
Electrolyte imbalances
Hypophosphatemic rickets
```
```
Fanconi syndrome
(Proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
```
79
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques
| 6 P's
Lichen planus
80
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Horner syndrome
| Sympathetic chain lesion
81
Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
Argyll Robertson pupil
| Neurosyphilis
82
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/Upper respiratory infection
Guillain Barre syndrome
| Acute AI inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
83
Rash on palms and soles
Cosackie A
Secondary syphilis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
84
Recurrent colds
Unusual eczema
High serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome
| Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
85
Red "current jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patient
Klebsiella pneumoniae
86
Red "currant jelly" stools
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults)
| Intussusception (infants)
87
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget disease of breast
| Sign of underlying neoplasm
88
Red urine in the morning
| Fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
89
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral)
Hemangioblastomas
Angiomatosis
Pheochromocytoma
von Hippel-Lindau disease
| dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation
90
Resting tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
```
Parkinson disease
(Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
```
91
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
```
Roth spots
(Bacterial endocarditis)
```
92
Severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
| Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
93
Severe RLQ pain w/ palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign
| Acute appendicitis
94
Severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness
McBurney sign
| Acute appendicitis
95
Short stature
Increased incidence of tumors/leukemia
Aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia
(Genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair)
(Often progresses to AML)
96
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
97
Situs inversus
Chronic sinusitis
Bronchiectasis
Infertility
```
Kartagener syndrome
(Dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
```
98
Skin hyperpigmentation
Hypotension
Fatique
Addison disease
| Primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and Increased alpha-MSH production
99
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy
(X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin)
(Less severe than Duchenne)
100
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
Koplik spots
| Measles; rubeola virus
101
Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genital
Condylomata lata
| Secondary syphilis
102
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial endocarditis
103
"Strawberry tongue"
Scarlet fever
Kawasaki disease
Toxic shock syndrome
104
```
Streak ovaries
Congenital heart disease
Horseshoe kidney
Cystic hygroma at birth
Short stature
Webbed neck
Lymphedema
```
Turner syndrome
| 45, XO
105
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint
| Tophi
Gout/podagra
| Hyperuricemia
106
Swollen gums
Mucosal bleeding
Poor wound healing
Petechiae
Scurvy
| Vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis
107
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis
| Osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes]
108
Systolic ejection murmur (cresendo-decresendo)
Aortic valve stenosis
109
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors
| Pheochromocytoma
```
MEN 2A
(Autosomal dominant ret mutation)
```
110
Thyroid tumor
Pheochromocytoma
Ganglioneuromatosis
```
MEN 2B
(Autosomal dominant ret mutation)
```
111
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign
| UMN lesion
112
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Facial nerve
| LMN CN VII palsy
113
Urethritis
Conjunctivitis
Arthritis in a male
Reactive arthritis associated w/ HLA-B27
114
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
Hemangioma
| Benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome
115
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
| Alcoholic, and bulimic patients
116
```
Weight loss
Diarrhea
Arthritis
Fever
Adenopathy
```
Whipple disease
| Tropheryma whipplei
117
"Worst headache of my life"
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
