Classic Presentations (First Aid Rapid Review) Flashcards
Abdominal pain
Ascites
Hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiary syndrome
post-hepatic venous thrombosis
Achilles tendon xanthoma
Familial hypercholesterolemia
decreased LDL receptor signaling
Adrenal hemorrhage
Hypotension
DIC
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Meningococcemia
Arachnodactylyl
Lens dislocation
Aortic dissection
Hyperflexible joints
Marfan’s syndrome
Fibrillin defect
Athelete w/ polycythemia
Secondary to erythropoietin injection
Back pain
Fever, Night Sweats, Weight Loss
Pott disease
Vertebral TB
Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Uveitis
Sarcoidosis
Noncaseating granuloma
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
Bluish line on gingiva
Burton line
Lead poisoning
Bone pain
Bone enlargement
Arthritis
Paget disease of bone
Increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity
Bounding pulses
Diastolic heart murmur
Head bobbing
Aortic regurgitation
“Butterfly” facial rash
Raynaud phenomenon
Young female
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Cafe-au-lait spots Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
Neurofibromatosis type I
+ pheochromcytoma, optic gliomas
Cafe-au-lait spots
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Precocious puberty
Multiple endocrine abnormalities
MuCune-Albright syndrome
mosaic G-protein signaling mutation
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Muscular dystrophy (m/c Duchenne) (X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene)
“Cherry-red spots” on macula
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
or
Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
Central retinal artery occlusion
Chest pain on exertion
Angina
stable: with moderate exertion
(unstable: with minimal exertion)
Chest pain
Pericardial effusion/friction rub
Persistent fever following MI
Dressler syndrome
(AI-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis)
(1-12wks after acute episode)
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Gowers sign
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Child w/ fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
“Slapped cheeks”
Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19
Chorea
Dementia
Caudate degeneration
Hungtinton disease (Autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Chronic exercise intolerance w/: Myalgia Fatique Painful cramps Myoglobinuria
McArdle disease (Muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy
Horizontal diplopia
Internuclear opthalmoplegia
Damage to MLF; bilateral [Multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke]
Continuous “machine-like” heart murmur
PDA
(Close w/ indomethacin)
(Open or maintain w/ misoprostol)
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition
Myxedema
Caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial]
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
AIDS patient
Kaposi sarcoma
associated w/ HHV-8
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respiration (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
Pellagra
niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Edema
Alcholism or malnutrition
Web berberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasteurella multocida
cellulitis at inoculation site
Dry eyes
Dry mouth
Arthritis
Sjogren syndrome (AI destruction of exocrine glands)
Dysphagia (esophageal webs)
Glossitis
Iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Elastic skin
Hypermobility of joints
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Type III collagen defect
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow node (Abdominal metastasis)
Erythroderma
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
Atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign
Hypocalcemia
Fat
Female
Forty
Fertile
Cholelithiasis
gallstones
Fever, Chills
Headache
Myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release
Fever Cough Conjunctivitis Coryza Diffuse rash
Measles
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie disease
CT disorder
Gout
Intellectual disability
Self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
(HGPRT deficiency)
(X-linked recessive)
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings
Copper accumulation from Wilson disease
Hamartomatous GI polyps
Hyperpigmentaiton of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
(Inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction)
(Increased cancer risk, mainly GI)
Hepatosplenomegaly
Osteoporosis
Neurologic symptoms
Gaucher disease (Glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
Hereditary nephritis
Sensorineural hearing loss
Cataracts
Alport syndrome
mutation in collagen IV
Hyperphagia
Hypersexuality
Hyperorality
Hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
bilateral amygdala lesion
Hyperreflexia
Hypertonia
Babinski sign present
UMN damage
Hyporeflexia
Hypotonia
Atrophy
Fasciculations
LMN damage
Hypoxemia
Polycythemia
Hypercapnia
“Blue bloater”
Chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Nonpainful: chancre (Primary symphilis, Treponema pallidum)
Painful, w/ exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Infant w/ cleft lip/palate
Microcephaly or holoprosencephaly
Polydactyly
Cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome
trisomy 13
Infant w/ failure to thrive
Hepatosplenomegaly
Nerudegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease
genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency
Infant w/ hypoglycemia
Failure to thrive
Hepatomegaly
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
Infant w/ microcephaly
Rocker-bottom feet
Clenched hands
Structural heart defect
Edwards syndrome
Trisomy 18
Jaundice
Palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
Curvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
Large rash w/ bull’s eye appearance
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite
Lyme disease: Borrelia
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Epidural hematoma
Middle meningeal artery rupture
Male child
Recurrent infections
No mature B cells
Bruton disease
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
Muffled heart sounds
Distended neck veins
Hypotension
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
Multiple colon polyps
Osteomas/soft tissue tumors
Impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner syndrome (Subtype of FAP)
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
Exercise intolerance
Pompe disease (Lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
Neonate w/ arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Superior trunk [C5-C6] branchial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip”
No lactation postpartum
Absent mentruation
Cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome
pituitary infarction
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Scanning speech
Bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
Multiple sclerosis
Oscillating slow/fast breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure
Painful blue fingers/toes
Hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease
AI hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
Raynaud phenomenon
vasopasm in extremities
Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes
Osler nodes (Infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions (Infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)
Painless jaundice
Cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs
Joint pain
Abdominal pain (child)
Hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys
Pancreatic
Pituitary
Parathyroid tumors
MEN 1 (Autosomal dominant)
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome
Pink complexion
Dyspnea
Hyperventilation
“Pink puffer”
Emphysema: centriacinar [smoking]; panacinar [alpha-antitrypsin deficiency]
Polyuria Renal tubular acidosis Type II Growth failure Electrolyte imbalances Hypophosphatemic rickets
Fanconi syndrome (Proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques
6 P’s
Lichen planus
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Horner syndrome
Sympathetic chain lesion
Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react
Argyll Robertson pupil
Neurosyphilis
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/Upper respiratory infection
Guillain Barre syndrome
Acute AI inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Rash on palms and soles
Cosackie A
Secondary syphilis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Recurrent colds
Unusual eczema
High serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome
Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
Red “current jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patient
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Red “currant jelly” stools
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults)
Intussusception (infants)
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget disease of breast
Sign of underlying neoplasm
Red urine in the morning
Fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral)
Hemangioblastomas
Angiomatosis
Pheochromocytoma
von Hippel-Lindau disease
dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation
Resting tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
Parkinson disease (Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (Bacterial endocarditis)
Severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Severe RLQ pain w/ palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign
Acute appendicitis
Severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness
McBurney sign
Acute appendicitis
Short stature
Increased incidence of tumors/leukemia
Aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia
(Genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair)
(Often progresses to AML)
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
Situs inversus
Chronic sinusitis
Bronchiectasis
Infertility
Kartagener syndrome (Dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
Skin hyperpigmentation
Hypotension
Fatique
Addison disease
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and Increased alpha-MSH production
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy
(X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin)
(Less severe than Duchenne)
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
Koplik spots
Measles; rubeola virus
Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genital
Condylomata lata
Secondary syphilis
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial endocarditis
“Strawberry tongue”
Scarlet fever
Kawasaki disease
Toxic shock syndrome
Streak ovaries Congenital heart disease Horseshoe kidney Cystic hygroma at birth Short stature Webbed neck Lymphedema
Turner syndrome
45, XO
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint
Tophi
Gout/podagra
Hyperuricemia
Swollen gums
Mucosal bleeding
Poor wound healing
Petechiae
Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis
Osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes]
Systolic ejection murmur (cresendo-decresendo)
Aortic valve stenosis
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors
Pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (Autosomal dominant ret mutation)
Thyroid tumor
Pheochromocytoma
Ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (Autosomal dominant ret mutation)
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign
UMN lesion
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Facial nerve
LMN CN VII palsy
Urethritis
Conjunctivitis
Arthritis in a male
Reactive arthritis associated w/ HLA-B27
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
Hemangioma
Benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Alcoholic, and bulimic patients
Weight loss Diarrhea Arthritis Fever Adenopathy
Whipple disease
Tropheryma whipplei
“Worst headache of my life”
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
