Classic Lab/Diagnostic Findings (First Aid Rapid Review) Flashcards
1
Q
Anti-centromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma
CREST
2
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
Blistering
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome
Glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis
4
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE
Hydralazine, INH, Phenytoin, Procainamide
5
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (Systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Female, cholestasis, portal hypertension
7
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
8
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE
Type III hypersensitivity
9
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease
Diarrhea, distension, weight loss
12
Q
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer
Usually left-sided
13
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase (+) Granular inclusions in granulocyte and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
14
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)
Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
15
Q
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis
Chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27
16
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies
Due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen
17
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
18
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
19
Q
“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray
A
Tetrology of Fallot
RVH
20
Q
Branching gram+ rods w/ sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
21
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancost tumor
Can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome
22
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism
or
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
(deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
23
Q
Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
24
Q
Cellular cresents in Bowman capsule
A
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
25
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis
| Frequently involves both ovaries
26
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes
| Neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
```
Cystic fibrosis
(Autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
```
28
Decrease AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome
or
Other chromosomal abnormality
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
```
Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphillis)
Subacute combined degeneration (Dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
```
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease
| Basal ganglia disorder: ridgidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
31
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals
(Bronchial asthma)
(Can result in whorled mucous plugs)
32
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies
| Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
33
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes
| HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer
34
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
35
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei
| Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body
| Alcoholic liver disease
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body
| Parkinson disease
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body
| Toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
40
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques
| Alzheimer disease
41
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells
| Hodgkin lymphoma
42
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cell
Schiller-Duval bodies
| Yolk sac tumor
43
"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
B-thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia
(Marrow expansion)
44
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma
Hydatiform mole
(occurs w/ and w/o embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
45
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies
| rheumatic fever
46
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis
| EBV
47
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma
| Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules
48
High level of D-dimers
DVT
Pulmonary embolism
DIC
49
Hilar LAD
| Peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex
| Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli
50
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
51
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau's syndrome
| Adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lungs
52
Hypersegmented neutrophils
```
Megaloblastic anemia
(B12 deficiency: neurologic sx)
(Folate deficiency: no neurologic sx)
```
53
HTN
HYPOkalemia
Metabolic ALKalosis
Conn's syndrome
54
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Lead poisoning
Thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
55
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error
Anencephaly
Spina bifida (NT defects)
56
Increased uric acid levels
Gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Loop and thiazide diuretics
57
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies
| HSV or CMV
58
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
```
Ferruginous bodies
(Asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
```
59
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
60
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
| Immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease
| Congenital failure of phagolysosome formation
61
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis
| Loss of haustra
62
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's syndrome
63
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease
| Hepatolenticular degeneration
64
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
| Immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b
65
Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
66
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of breast
67
Monoclonal antibody spike
```
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom's (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary amyloidosis
```
68
Mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
Signet ring
| Gastric carcinoma
69
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign"
| Crohn's disease
70
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs)
and
Necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener's; (+) c-ANCA)
| Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
71
Needle-shaped
| Negatively birefringent crystals
Gout
| Monosodium urate crystals
72
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
| Diabetic nephropathy
73
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphlococcus epidermidis
Resistant: Staphlococcus saprophyticus
74
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to RH failure
75
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma
| Malignant round-cell tumor
76
Optochin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Resistant: Viridans streptococcus
77
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray
| Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
78
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease
| Child w/ nephrotic syndrome
79
Polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation
| Osteoarthritis resulting in bone sclerosis
80
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
```
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease)
Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
```
81
Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Mesothelioma
Papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary
82
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
83
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
84
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals
| Leydig cell tumor
85
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
86
Rhomboid crystals
| Positively birefringent
Pseudogout
| Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
87
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
88
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
| CNS lymphoma
89
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
("Starry sky" histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma
| t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells
90
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
```
Pick bodies
(Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
```
91
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone
| Generally benign
92
"Spikes" on basement membrane
| "Dome like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis
| May progress to nephrotic syndrome
93
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation
| High ESR, multiple myeloma
94
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells"
| Gardnerella vaginalis
95
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules
(Langerhans cell histiocytosis
or histiocytosis X: eosinophlic granuloma)
96
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn
| Arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs
97
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglotittis
| Haemophilus influenzae
98
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
99
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
100
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease
| Alcoholic or metabolic syndrome
101
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
102
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
103
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL
| Almost always B cell
104
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephritis
105
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia
| e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage
