Key Associations Flashcards
576-581
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor the squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer assoc w/ CNS injury
A
Cushing’s ulcer (incr ICP –> vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer assoc w/ severe burns
A
Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume –> sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
HTN
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammary bodies
A
Wernick’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia
11
Q
Bacteria assoc w/ gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Strep pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B strep (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitides (kids)
14
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier deficiency (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supertentorial: metastasis> astrocytoma (incl glioblastoma multiforme)> meningioma> schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1/9 women will develop breast cancer)
19
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of the mitral valve)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis (most common), primary= myxoma (4:1 left: right atrium; “ball and valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari malformation (often presents w/ progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
25
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
26
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (assoc w/ high risk of emboli)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women, type II: elderly man or woman)
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
Tb (developing world); SLE (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing's syndrome
Iatrogenic Cushing's (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH_secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing's (from ACTH secretion by tumors)
36
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallow
Transposition of the great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
37
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
38
Death in CML
Blast crisis
39
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
40
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts
41
Demyelinating disease in young women
MS
42
DIC
Severe sepsis; obstetric complications; cancer; burns; trauma; major surgery
43
Dietary deficit
Iron
44
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)
45
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
47
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus; B. cereus
48
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
50
Heart murmur, congenital
MVP
51
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever); tricuspid (IV drugs)
52
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis; Ascaris lumbricoides
53
Hematoma--epidural
Rupture of MMA (trauma, lentiform shaped)
54
Hematoma--subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
55
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can cause CHF, bronze diabetes, and incr risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
56
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (assoc w/ Hep B and C and w/ alcoholism)
57
Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency
Bernard-Soulier deficiency (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)
58
Brain tumor (adults)
Supertentorial: metastasis> astrocytoma (incl glioblastoma multiforme)> meningioma> schwannoma
59
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
60
Breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1/9 women will develop breast cancer)
61
Holosystolic murmur
VSD; tricuspid regurg; mitral regurg
62
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
63
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
64
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of the mitral valve)
65
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis (most common), primary= myxoma (4:1 left: right atrium; "ball and valve")
66
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation (often presents w/ progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
67
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
68
Kidney stones
Ca (most common)=radioopaque
Struvite (ammonium)=radioopaque (formed by urease + bugs like Protease vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid=radiolucent
69
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
70
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women, type II: elderly man or woman)
71
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
72
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
73
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
74
Constrictive pericarditis
Tb (developing world); SLE (developed world)
75
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
76
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
77
Cushing's syndrome
Iatrogenic Cushing's (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH_secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing's (from ACTH secretion by tumors)
78
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallow
Transposition of the great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
79
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
80
Death in CML
Blast crisis
81
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
82
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts
83
Demyelinating disease in young women
MS
84
DIC
Severe sepsis; obstetric complications; cancer; burns; trauma; major surgery
85
Dietary deficit
Iron
86
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)
87
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
88
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
89
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus; B. cereus
90
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
91
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
92
Heart murmur, congenital
MVP
93
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever); tricuspid (IV drugs)
94
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis; Ascaris lumbricoides
95
Hematoma--epidural
Rupture of MMA (trauma, lentiform shaped)
96
Hematoma--subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
97
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can cause CHF, bronze diabetes, and incr risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
98
Hereditary bleeding disorder
vWD
99
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
100
HLA B27
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter's syndrome
UC
Psoriasis
101
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
DM type 1
RA
SLE
102
Holosystolic murmur
VSD; tricuspid regurg; mitral regurg
103
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
104
Secondary HTN
Renal disease
105
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
106
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
107
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hep C
108
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S. aureus; E. coli; Aspergillus (catalase positive)
109
Kidney stones
Ca (most common)=radioopaque
Struvite (ammonium)=radioopaque (formed by urease + bugs like Protease vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid=radiolucent
110
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L-->R becomes R-->L)
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulm HTN/polycythemia)
111
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
112
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
113
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
114
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
115
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
116
MR
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
117
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast>lung>thyroid, testes
118
Metastases to brain
Lung> breast> GU> osteosarcoma> melanoma> GI
119
Metastases to liver
Colon>> stomach, pancreas
120
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females but is inherited through females only
121
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
122
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
123
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
124
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
FSGS
125
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
126
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hyopgonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
127
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
128
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
129
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
130
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
131
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
132
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
133
Osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use
Pseudomonas; S. aureus
