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Gunnin: fast facts > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

576-581

1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor the squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer assoc w/ CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (incr ICP –> vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer assoc w/ severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume –> sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammary bodies

A

Wernick’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia

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11
Q

Bacteria assoc w/ gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Strep pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B strep (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitides (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier deficiency (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supertentorial: metastasis> astrocytoma (incl glioblastoma multiforme)> meningioma> schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1/9 women will develop breast cancer)

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of the mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis (most common), primary= myxoma (4:1 left: right atrium; “ball and valve”)

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents w/ progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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25
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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26
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (assoc w/ high risk of emboli)

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27
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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28
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women, type II: elderly man or woman)

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29
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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30
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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31
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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32
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

Tb (developing world); SLE (developed world)

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33
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>LCA

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34
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

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35
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Iatrogenic Cushing’s (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH_secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing’s (from ACTH secretion by tumors)

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36
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallow
Transposition of the great vessels
Truncus arteriosus

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37
Q

Cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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38
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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39
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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40
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts

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41
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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42
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis; obstetric complications; cancer; burns; trauma; major surgery

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43
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

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44
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker’s diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)

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45
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

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46
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

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47
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus; B. cereus

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48
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)

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49
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

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50
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

MVP

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51
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever); tricuspid (IV drugs)

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52
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis; Ascaris lumbricoides

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53
Q

Hematoma–epidural

A

Rupture of MMA (trauma, lentiform shaped)

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54
Q

Hematoma–subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

55
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can cause CHF, bronze diabetes, and incr risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

56
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (assoc w/ Hep B and C and w/ alcoholism)

57
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier deficiency (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

58
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supertentorial: metastasis> astrocytoma (incl glioblastoma multiforme)> meningioma> schwannoma

59
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

60
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1/9 women will develop breast cancer)

61
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD; tricuspid regurg; mitral regurg

62
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

63
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

64
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of the mitral valve)

65
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis (most common), primary= myxoma (4:1 left: right atrium; “ball and valve”)

66
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents w/ progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

67
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

68
Q

Kidney stones

A

Ca (most common)=radioopaque
Struvite (ammonium)=radioopaque (formed by urease + bugs like Protease vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid=radiolucent

69
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

70
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women, type II: elderly man or woman)

71
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

72
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

73
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

74
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

Tb (developing world); SLE (developed world)

75
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>LCA

76
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

77
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Iatrogenic Cushing’s (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH_secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing’s (from ACTH secretion by tumors)

78
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallow
Transposition of the great vessels
Truncus arteriosus

79
Q

Cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

80
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

81
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

82
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts

83
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

84
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis; obstetric complications; cancer; burns; trauma; major surgery

85
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

86
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker’s diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)

87
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

88
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

89
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus; B. cereus

90
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)

91
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

92
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

MVP

93
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever); tricuspid (IV drugs)

94
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis; Ascaris lumbricoides

95
Q

Hematoma–epidural

A

Rupture of MMA (trauma, lentiform shaped)

96
Q

Hematoma–subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

97
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can cause CHF, bronze diabetes, and incr risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

98
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

vWD

99
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

100
Q

HLA B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter’s syndrome
UC
Psoriasis

101
Q

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

A

DM type 1
RA
SLE

102
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD; tricuspid regurg; mitral regurg

103
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow’s triad (results in venous thrombosis)

104
Q

Secondary HTN

A

Renal disease

105
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

106
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

107
Q

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

Hep C

108
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus; E. coli; Aspergillus (catalase positive)

109
Q

Kidney stones

A

Ca (most common)=radioopaque
Struvite (ammonium)=radioopaque (formed by urease + bugs like Protease vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid=radiolucent

110
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L–>R becomes R–>L)

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulm HTN/polycythemia)

111
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

112
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher’s disease

113
Q

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

114
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

115
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

116
Q

MR

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

117
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast>lung>thyroid, testes

118
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung> breast> GU> osteosarcoma> melanoma> GI

119
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon» stomach, pancreas

120
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females but is inherited through females only

121
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

122
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

ALS

123
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

124
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

FSGS

125
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

126
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hyopgonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

127
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, E coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

128
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

129
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

130
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

131
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

132
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

133
Q

Osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas; S. aureus

Gunnin: fast facts (4 decks)

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