Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
First Aid: 570-573 Complete
1
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
3
Q
Anti-GBM antibodies
A
Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis) or Anti-GBM syndrome (only renal involvement)
4
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
7
Q
ANCAs (general)
A
Vasculitis
8
Q
c-ANCA
A
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis
9
Q
p-ANCA
A
Microscopic polyangiitis; Churg-strauss syndrome
10
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (specifically anti-smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
11
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
12
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
13
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
14
Q
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
15
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML). Will see stacks of Auer rods in AML type 3 (PML)
16
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: Strep pyrogenes (group A)
Resistant: Strep agalactiae (group B)
17
Q
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
18
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (from splenectomy or non-functional spleen)
19
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
20
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
21
Q
“Boot shaped” heart on xray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH
22
Q
Branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
23
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and–>Horner’s syndrome)
24
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
25
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (Trypanosome cruzi)
26
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
27
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (freq involves both ovaries)
28
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
29
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation in CFTR-->fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
30
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
31
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
32
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nirga
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
33
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma can result in whorled mucous plugs)
34
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
35
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koliocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
36
Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owls eye" appearance of CMV
37
Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie's eyes" nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
38
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
39
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
40
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever.
41
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)
42
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimers)
43
Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusion (owl's eyes)
Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
44
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
45
"Hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on X-ray
Beta-thalassemia; sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
46
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma; hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/o embryo)
47
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
48
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (ECV)
49
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
50
High levels of D-dimers
DIC
51
Hilar lymphadenopathy; peripheral granulomatous lesion in the middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB; mycobacterium bacilli)
52
"Honeycomb lung" on X-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
53
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau's syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lungs)
54
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro symptoms; folate def: no neuro symptoms)
55
HTN, hyperkalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn's syndrome
56
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia; lead poisoning; thalassemia (can have fetal hbg present)
57
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error; anencephaly; spina bifida (neural tube defect)
58
Increased uric acid levels
Gout; Lesch-Nyhan syndrome; tumor lysis syndrome; loop and thiazide diuretics
59
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
60
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestos: incr chance of mesothelioma)
61
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
62
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
63
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema X-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
64
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's syndrome
65
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
66
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
67
Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on X-ray
Multiple myeloma
68
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
69
Monoclonal antibody spike
```
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
MGUS (normal consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein= IgM)
Primary amyloidosis
```
70
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
71
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium X-ray
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
72
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (c-ANCA)
| Goodpasture's syndrome
73
Needle-shaped, negatively bifringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
74
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmerstial-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
75
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staph epi
Resistant: Staph saprophyticus
76
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
77
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
78
Optochin response
Sensitive: Strep pneumoniae
Resistant: Viridans strep
79
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
80
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
81
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
82
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease) and Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
83
Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas; papillary thyroid carcinoma; mesothelioma; papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
84
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
85
RBC casts in urine
Nephritic syndrome
86
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
87
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
88
Rhomboid crystals, positively bifringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
89
Rib notching
Coarction of the aorta
90
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
91
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered, pale, tingible body macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, assoc with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
92
"Spikes" on basement membrane; "dome like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis
93
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
94
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
95
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
96
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
97
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Bierbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
98
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
99
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottis (Haemophilus influenzae)
100
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
101
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membrane on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
102
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
103
"Waxy casts" with very low urine flow
Chronic ESRD
104
WBCs that appear smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
105
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
106
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (e.g. due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage)
