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Boards Fast Facts > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic keratosis

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increased ICP causes vagal stimulation)

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3
Q

acute gastric injury associated with severe burns

A

Cushing ulcer (reduced plasma volume causes sloughing)

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4
Q

age ranges for leukemia/lympoma

A

ALL - child
AML- adult around 65
CML - adult 45-85
CLL - adult over 60

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5
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions in Chron’s

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6
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

athersclerosis

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7
Q

ascending arch aortic aneurysm

A

Marfans (medial degeneration)

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8
Q

thoracic aortic aneurysm

A

hypertension

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9
Q

atrophy of mammillary bodies

A 
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency)
- ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion
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10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell

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11
Q

bacteria and associated malignancies

A
  • h pylori

- gastritis, peptic ulcers, adenocarcinoma, MALT

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12
Q

bacterial meningitis in adults

A

strep pneumo

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis in kids

A 
newborns = GBS, e coli, listeria
kids = strep pneumo and neisseria
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14
Q

bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg (signet ring)

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15
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier (can stick to vWF)

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16
Q

brain tumor in adults

A

supratentorial

- GBM, metastasis, meningioma, schwannoma

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17
Q

brain tumor in kids

A

infratentorial

- medulloblastoma and craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change in young women

carcinoma in older women

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20
Q

benign breast tumor in young women

A

fibroadenoma

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21
Q

primary cardiac tumor in kids

A

rhabdomyoma (seen with tuberous sclerosis)

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22
Q

cardiac in lupus

A

marantic/thrombotic endocarditis

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23
Q

cardiac tumor in adults

A

myxoma (in left atrium)

- metastasis

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24
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation I

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25
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

a fib

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26
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis

A

predisposes to gastric carcinoma or pernicious anemia

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27
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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28
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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29
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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30
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson (can’t secrete conjugated bilirubin)

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31
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

developing world = TB

developed world = viral illness

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32
Q

cretinism

A

hypothyroidism

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33
Q

cushing syndrome

A
  • iatrogenic (exogenous)
  • adrenocortical adenoma (too much)
  • ACTH pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
  • paraneoplastic (ACTH from tumor)
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34
Q

cyanosis (early)

A
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • transposition of vessels
  • truncus ateriosus
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35
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

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36
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

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37
Q

dementia

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease

- multiple infarcts

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38
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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39
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, OB complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, pancreatitis, APL

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40
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker (barium swallow)

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41
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

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42
Q

esophageal cancer

A 
worldwide = SSC
US = adenocarcinoma
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43
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin)

A

S aureus and B cereus

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44
Q

gastric cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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45
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA)

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46
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A 
US = endometrial
worldwide = cervical
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47
Q

congenital heart murmur

A

mitral valve prolapse

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48
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral > aortic = rheumatic fever

tricuspid in drug user

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49
Q

helminth infection (US)

A

ascaris lumbricoides

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50
Q

epidural hematoma

A

middle meningeal artery (lens shape)

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51
Q

subdural hematoma

A

bridging veins (crescent shape)

52
Q

hemochromatosis

A

HFE mutation or transfusions

  • heart failure
  • bronze diabetes
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
53
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (Hep B and C and alcohol)

54
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

vWF

55
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert (can’t conjugate)

56
Q

HLA-B27

A

psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, reactive arthritis (Reiter)

57
Q

HLA-DR3

A

diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves, Hashimoto, Addisons

58
Q

HLA-DR4

A

diabetes type 1, RA, addisons

59
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg

60
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (thrombosis)

61
Q

secondary hypertension

A

renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease, hyperaldosteronism

62
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

excision during thyroidectomy

63
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenom

64
Q

infection in blood transfusion

A

hepatitis C

65
Q

infections in CGD

A

catalase positive (aspergillus)

66
Q

intellectual disability

A

down syndrome, fragile X

67
Q

kidney stones

A

calcium = radiopaque
struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (urease positive)
uric acid = radiolucent
cysteine = radiolucent

68
Q

late cyanotic shunt

A

eisenmenger syndrome (results in pulmonary hypertension and polycythemia)

69
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

70
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher

71
Q

malignancy with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

72
Q

malignancy in kids

A

leukemia/brain tumors

73
Q

metastasis to bone

A

prostate, breast > lung, thyroid, kidney

74
Q

metastasis to brain

A

lung > breast > prostate > melanoma > GI

75
Q

metastasis to liver

A

colon&raquo_space; stomach > pancreas

76
Q

microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency

77
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

passed on through females

78
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

79
Q

UMN/LMN disease

A

ALS

80
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie

81
Q

nephrotic in adults

A

membranous nephropathy

82
Q

nephrotic in kids

A

minimal change

83
Q

neuron migration failure

A

Kallman - hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia

84
Q

nosocomial penumonai

A

s aureus, pseudomonas, gram negative rods

85
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

86
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

87
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

PCP

88
Q

osteomyelitis

A

s aureus

89
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell

A

salmonella

90
Q

osteomyelitis in drug user

A

pseudomonas, candida, s aures

91
Q

ovarian tumor (benign and bilateral)

A

serous cystadenoma

92
Q

ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

serous cystadenocarinoma

93
Q

pancreatitis (acute)

A

gallstones or alcohol

94
Q

pancreatitis (chronic)

A

alcohol or cystic fibrosis

95
Q

PID

A

chlamydia or gonorrhea

96
Q

t9:22

A

CML

97
Q

pituitary tumor

A

prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

98
Q

primary anmenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome

99
Q

primary hyperaldo

A

adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma

100
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenoma, hyperplasia or carcinoma

101
Q

primary liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

- chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin, Wilsons)

102
Q

pulmonary hypertension

A

idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease, lung disease, hypoemxic vasoconstriction, thromboembolic

103
Q

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extermities

A

Buerger disease (tobacco)

104
Q

refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

105
Q

renal tumor

A 
renal cell carcinoma = VHL and smoking
paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
106
Q

right heart failure due to pulmonary cause

A

cor pulmonale

107
Q

S3 heart sound

A

increased ventricular filling pressure, dilated ventricles

- in mitral regurg and heart failure

108
Q

S4 heart sound

A

stiff and hypertrophic ventricles (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

109
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

110
Q

SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of lung

111
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

112
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta - coronary artery - popliteal artery - carotid

113
Q

t14:!8

A

follicular lymphoma (BCL2 activation, antiapoptotic)

114
Q

t8:14

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc transcription factor

115
Q

t9:22

A

CML (BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase)

116
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatica

117
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), increase in ALP

118
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)

119
Q

tumor in women

A

leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)

120
Q

tumor of infancy

A

strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses)

121
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla in kids

A

neuroblastoma

122
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla in adults

A

pheochromocytoma

123
Q

type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosing

- less common = mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion

124
Q

type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

diffuse large B-cell

125
Q

vertebral compression fracture

A

osteoporosis

  • type 1 = postmenopausal women
  • type 2 = old man or women
126
Q

viral encephalitis in temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

127
Q

vitamin deficiency

A

folate (3-4 month supply)

Boards Fast Facts (4 decks)

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