Key Associations Flashcards
1
Q
actinic keratosis
A
squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
acute gastric ulcer with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased ICP causes vagal stimulation)
3
Q
acute gastric injury associated with severe burns
A
Cushing ulcer (reduced plasma volume causes sloughing)
4
Q
age ranges for leukemia/lympoma
A
ALL - child
AML- adult around 65
CML - adult 45-85
CLL - adult over 60
5
Q
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
skip lesions in Chron’s
6
Q
abdominal aortic aneurysm
A
athersclerosis
7
Q
ascending arch aortic aneurysm
A
Marfans (medial degeneration)
8
Q
thoracic aortic aneurysm
A
hypertension
9
Q
atrophy of mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency) - ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion
10
Q
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell
11
Q
bacteria and associated malignancies
A
- h pylori
- gastritis, peptic ulcers, adenocarcinoma, MALT
12
Q
bacterial meningitis in adults
A
strep pneumo
13
Q
bacterial meningitis in kids
A
newborns = GBS, e coli, listeria kids = strep pneumo and neisseria
14
Q
bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg (signet ring)
15
Q
bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier (can stick to vWF)
16
Q
brain tumor in adults
A
supratentorial
- GBM, metastasis, meningioma, schwannoma
17
Q
brain tumor in kids
A
infratentorial
- medulloblastoma and craniopharyngioma
18
Q
breast cancer
A
invasive ductal carcinoma
19
Q
breast mass
A
fibrocystic change in young women
carcinoma in older women
20
Q
benign breast tumor in young women
A
fibroadenoma
21
Q
primary cardiac tumor in kids
A
rhabdomyoma (seen with tuberous sclerosis)
22
Q
cardiac in lupus
A
marantic/thrombotic endocarditis
23
Q
cardiac tumor in adults
A
myxoma (in left atrium)
- metastasis
24
Q
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari malformation I
25
chronic arrhythmia
a fib
26
chronic atrophic gastritis
predisposes to gastric carcinoma or pernicious anemia
27
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
29
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
30
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson (can't secrete conjugated bilirubin)
31
constrictive pericarditis
developing world = TB
| developed world = viral illness
32
cretinism
hypothyroidism
33
cushing syndrome
- iatrogenic (exogenous)
- adrenocortical adenoma (too much)
- ACTH pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
- paraneoplastic (ACTH from tumor)
34
cyanosis (early)
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- transposition of vessels
- truncus ateriosus
35
death in CML
blast crisis
36
death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
37
dementia
- Alzheimer's disease
| - multiple infarcts
38
demyelinating disease in young women
MS
39
DIC
severe sepsis, OB complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, pancreatitis, APL
40
diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker (barium swallow)
41
ejection click
aortic stenosis
42
esophageal cancer
```
worldwide = SSC
US = adenocarcinoma
```
43
food poisoning (exotoxin)
S aureus and B cereus
44
gastric cancer
adenocarcinoma
45
glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA)
46
gynecologic malignancy
```
US = endometrial
worldwide = cervical
```
47
congenital heart murmur
mitral valve prolapse
48
heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral > aortic = rheumatic fever
| tricuspid in drug user
49
helminth infection (US)
ascaris lumbricoides
50
epidural hematoma
middle meningeal artery (lens shape)
51
subdural hematoma
bridging veins (crescent shape)
52
hemochromatosis
HFE mutation or transfusions
- heart failure
- bronze diabetes
- hepatocellular carcinoma
53
hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (Hep B and C and alcohol)
54
hereditary bleeding disorder
vWF
55
hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert (can't conjugate)
56
HLA-B27
psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, reactive arthritis (Reiter)
57
HLA-DR3
diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves, Hashimoto, Addisons
58
HLA-DR4
diabetes type 1, RA, addisons
59
holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg
60
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (thrombosis)
61
secondary hypertension
renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease, hyperaldosteronism
62
hypoparathyroidism
excision during thyroidectomy
63
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenom
64
infection in blood transfusion
hepatitis C
65
infections in CGD
catalase positive (aspergillus)
66
intellectual disability
down syndrome, fragile X
67
kidney stones
calcium = radiopaque
struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (urease positive)
uric acid = radiolucent
cysteine = radiolucent
68
late cyanotic shunt
eisenmenger syndrome (results in pulmonary hypertension and polycythemia)
69
liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
70
lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher
71
malignancy with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
72
malignancy in kids
leukemia/brain tumors
73
metastasis to bone
prostate, breast > lung, thyroid, kidney
74
metastasis to brain
lung > breast > prostate > melanoma > GI
75
metastasis to liver
colon >> stomach > pancreas
76
microcytic anemia
iron deficiency
77
mitochondrial inheritance
passed on through females
78
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
79
UMN/LMN disease
ALS
80
myocarditis
coxsackie
81
nephrotic in adults
membranous nephropathy
82
nephrotic in kids
minimal change
83
neuron migration failure
Kallman - hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia
84
nosocomial penumonai
s aureus, pseudomonas, gram negative rods
85
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
86
opening snap
mitral stenosis
87
opportunistic infection in AIDS
PCP
88
osteomyelitis
s aureus
89
osteomyelitis in sickle cell
salmonella
90
osteomyelitis in drug user
pseudomonas, candida, s aures
91
ovarian tumor (benign and bilateral)
serous cystadenoma
92
ovarian tumor (malignant)
serous cystadenocarinoma
93
pancreatitis (acute)
gallstones or alcohol
94
pancreatitis (chronic)
alcohol or cystic fibrosis
95
PID
chlamydia or gonorrhea
96
t9:22
CML
97
pituitary tumor
prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
98
primary anmenorrhea
Turner syndrome
99
primary hyperaldo
adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma
100
primary hyperparathyroidism
adenoma, hyperplasia or carcinoma
101
primary liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma
| - chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin, Wilsons)
102
pulmonary hypertension
idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease, lung disease, hypoemxic vasoconstriction, thromboembolic
103
recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extermities
Buerger disease (tobacco)
104
refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
105
renal tumor
```
renal cell carcinoma = VHL and smoking
paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
```
106
right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
cor pulmonale
107
S3 heart sound
increased ventricular filling pressure, dilated ventricles
| - in mitral regurg and heart failure
108
S4 heart sound
stiff and hypertrophic ventricles (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
109
secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
110
SIADH
small cell carcinoma of lung
111
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
112
sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta - coronary artery - popliteal artery - carotid
113
t14:!8
follicular lymphoma (BCL2 activation, antiapoptotic)
114
t8:14
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc transcription factor
115
t9:22
CML (BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase)
116
temporal arteritis
risk of blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatica
117
testicular tumor
seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), increase in ALP
118
thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)
119
tumor in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
120
tumor of infancy
strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses)
121
tumor of adrenal medulla in kids
neuroblastoma
122
tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
pheochromocytoma
123
type of Hodgkin lymphoma
nodular sclerosing
| - less common = mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion
124
type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
diffuse large B-cell
125
vertebral compression fracture
osteoporosis
- type 1 = postmenopausal women
- type 2 = old man or women
126
viral encephalitis in temporal lobe
HSV-1
127
vitamin deficiency
folate (3-4 month supply)
