Classic Lab/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
increase AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
A
dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (open neural tube defects)
2
Q
anticentromere antibodies
A
scleroderma (CREST)
3
Q
anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies
A
pemphigus vulgaris
4
Q
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
5
Q
antihistone antibodies
A
drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
6
Q
anti- IgG antibodies
A
rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
7
Q
antimitochondrial antibodies
A
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
8
Q
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
A
- microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (p-ANCA)
- granulomatosis with polyangiitis (c-ANCA)
- primary sclerosing cholangitis (p-ANCA)
9
Q
antinuclear antibodies (anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
10
Q
antiplatelet antibodies
A
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
11
Q
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
diffuse systemic scleroderma
12
Q
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
13
Q
apple core lesion on barium enema x-ray
A
colorectal cancer (usually left sided)
14
Q
atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV - mono
15
Q
azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic type)
16
Q
bacitracin response
A
sensitive: S pyogens (group A)
resistant: S agalactiae (group B)
17
Q
bamboo spine on xray
A
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA B27)
18
Q
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)
19
Q
basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
20
Q
bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
21
Q
boot shaped heart on xray
A
tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
22
Q
branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
A
actinomyces israeii
23
Q
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
pancoast tumor (can compress cervical chain and cause Horner syndrome)
24
Q
brown tumor of bone
A
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
25
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
26
cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
27
chocolate cyst of ovary
endometriosis (frequently both ovaries)
28
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
29
colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
cystic fibrosis (mutation in CFTR leading to fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
30
less AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or chromosomal abnormalities
31
degeneration of dorsal column fibers
tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis), subacute combined degeneration
32
delta wave on EKG, short PR, supraventricular tachcarydia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
33
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder)
34
desquamated epithelial casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can results in whorled mucous plugs)
35
disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of ovary)
36
dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchromasia
koilocytes (HPV, predisposes to cervical cancer)
37
electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
pericardial tamponade
38
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
owl eye appearance in CMV
39
enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing
Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
40
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
41
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron
Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)
42
eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
43
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
44
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
45
giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
46
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
47
crew cut appearance on xray
beta-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
48
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
49
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
50
heterophile antibodies
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
51
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals, eosinophilic granules)
52
high d-dimer
DVT, PE, DIC
53
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes
Ghon complex (primary TB)
54
honeycombing lung on xray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
55
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
56
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency with neuro symptoms, folate with no neuro)
57
hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
58
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia
59
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
60
iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
61
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
62
large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
63
lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
64
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
65
low serum cerulopasmin
Wilsons disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
66
lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)
67
lytic (punched out) bone lesions on xray
multiple myeloma
68
mammary gland (blue domed) cyst
fibrocystic change of breast
69
monoclonal antibody spike
- multiple myeloma (usually IgA of IgG)
- monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
- Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
- primary amyloidosis
70
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
signet ring cell (gastric carcinoma)
71
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray
string sign (Crohn's disease)
72
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA, c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
73
needle shaped negative birefringent crystals
gout
74
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
75
novobiocin response
sensitive - S epidermidis
| resistant - S saprophyticus
76
nutmeg liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd Chiari
77
onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
78
optochin sensitivity
```
sensitive = S pneumoniae
resistant = S viridans
```
79
podocyte fusion of effacement on electron microscopy
minimal change disease (kid with nephrotic syndrome)
80
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protien
neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
81
psammoma bodies
meningioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
82
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
83
raised periosteum ("Codman triangle")
aggressive bone lesion (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)
84
RBC casts in urine
glomerulonephritis
85
rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
86
recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
87
renal epithelial casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)
88
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
89
rib notching
coarctation of aorta
90
ring-enhancing lesions on CT/MRI in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
91
sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered paine, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (T8:14 c-myc activation, association with EBV, "starry sky" made of malignant cells)
92
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease, progressive dementia, changes in personality)
93
soap bubble in femur on tibia on xray
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
94
spikes on basement membrane, dome like subepithelial deposits
membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
95
stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
96
steeple sign on frontal CXR
croup (parainfluenza virus)
97
bacteria covered vaginal epithelial cells
Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
98
Strep bovis bacteremia
colon cancer
99
tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelle in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
100
thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
familial adenomatous polyposis (mutation in APC)
101
thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
102
thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray
epiglottitis (H flu)
103
thyroid like appearance of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis (due to recurrent infections)
104
tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
105
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
106
high uric acid levels
gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
107
waxy casts with very low urine flow
chronic end stage renal disease
108
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
109
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (usually B cell)
110
wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually with lupus)
111
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
