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Boards Fast Facts > Classic Lab/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Lab/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

increase AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (open neural tube defects)

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2
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies

A

pemphigus vulgaris

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4
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

antihistone antibodies

A

drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

anti- IgG antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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7
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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8
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

A
  • microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (p-ANCA)
  • granulomatosis with polyangiitis (c-ANCA)
  • primary sclerosing cholangitis (p-ANCA)
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9
Q

antinuclear antibodies (anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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11
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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13
Q

apple core lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

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14
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV - mono

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15
Q

azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic type)

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16
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: S pyogens (group A)
resistant: S agalactiae (group B)

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17
Q

bamboo spine on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA B27)

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18
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

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19
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

boot shaped heart on xray

A

tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

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22
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israeii

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23
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor (can compress cervical chain and cause Horner syndrome)

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24
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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25
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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26
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequently both ovaries)

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28
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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29
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

cystic fibrosis (mutation in CFTR leading to fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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30
Q

less AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or chromosomal abnormalities

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31
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis), subacute combined degeneration

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32
Q

delta wave on EKG, short PR, supraventricular tachcarydia

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

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33
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder)

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34
Q

desquamated epithelial casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can results in whorled mucous plugs)

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35
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of ovary)

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36
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes (HPV, predisposes to cervical cancer)

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37
Q

electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

pericardial tamponade

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38
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

owl eye appearance in CMV

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39
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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40
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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41
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)

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42
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

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43
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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44
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

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45
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

46
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

47
Q

crew cut appearance on xray

A

beta-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

48
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

49
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

50
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

51
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals, eosinophilic granules)

52
Q

high d-dimer

A

DVT, PE, DIC

53
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes

A

Ghon complex (primary TB)

54
Q

honeycombing lung on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

55
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

56
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency with neuro symptoms, folate with no neuro)

57
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis

A

primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

58
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia

59
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

60
Q

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

61
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

62
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)

63
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

64
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

65
Q

low serum cerulopasmin

A

Wilsons disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

66
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)

67
Q

lytic (punched out) bone lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

68
Q

mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of breast

69
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A
  • multiple myeloma (usually IgA of IgG)
  • monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
  • Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
  • primary amyloidosis
70
Q

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring cell (gastric carcinoma)

71
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

A

string sign (Crohn’s disease)

72
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA, c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

73
Q

needle shaped negative birefringent crystals

A

gout

74
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

75
Q

novobiocin response

A

sensitive - S epidermidis

resistant - S saprophyticus

76
Q

nutmeg liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd Chiari

77
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

78
Q

optochin sensitivity

A 
sensitive = S pneumoniae
resistant = S viridans
79
Q

podocyte fusion of effacement on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease (kid with nephrotic syndrome)

80
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protien

A

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

81
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

82
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

83
Q

raised periosteum (“Codman triangle”)

A

aggressive bone lesion (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

84
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

85
Q

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

86
Q

recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

87
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)

88
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

89
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of aorta

90
Q

ring-enhancing lesions on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

91
Q

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered paine, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (T8:14 c-myc activation, association with EBV, “starry sky” made of malignant cells)

92
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease, progressive dementia, changes in personality)

93
Q

soap bubble in femur on tibia on xray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

94
Q

spikes on basement membrane, dome like subepithelial deposits

A

membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

95
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

96
Q

steeple sign on frontal CXR

A

croup (parainfluenza virus)

97
Q

bacteria covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)

98
Q

Strep bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

99
Q

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelle in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

100
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

familial adenomatous polyposis (mutation in APC)

101
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

102
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray

A

epiglottitis (H flu)

103
Q

thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis (due to recurrent infections)

104
Q

tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

105
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

106
Q

high uric acid levels

A

gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

107
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

108
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

109
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (usually B cell)

110
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually with lupus)

111
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Boards Fast Facts (4 decks)

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