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Rapid Review > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor for Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (elevated ICP stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult >60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 45-85

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5
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohns disease)

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

3° syphilis (syphilitic aoirtitis) –> vasa vasorum destrxn

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Marfan syndrome (iodiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Aortic dissxn

A

HTN

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10
Q

Atrophy of the mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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11
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (HbS)

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12
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric malignancies (e.g. adenocarcinoma, MALToma)

A

Haemophilus Pylori

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults/elderly >60)

A

S. pneumoniae

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14
Q

Bacterial meningitis (neonates/kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E. coli (neonates)

S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)

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15
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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16
Q

Bleeding disorder w/ GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

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17
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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18
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerubellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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19
Q

Breast cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

Breast Mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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21
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Obesity/insulin resistance, gastric adenocarcinoma and visceral malignancies

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22
Q

Sign of Leser-Trelat (multiple seborrheic keratoses)

A

GI adenocarcinomas and other visceral malignancies

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23
Q

Hypercalcemia (from PTHrP)

A

Squamous cell carcinomas (lung, head, neck); renal, bladder, breast and ovarian carcinomas

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24
Q

Hypercalcemia (elevated 1,25-(OH)2 Vitamin D3 - aka calcitriol)

A

Lymphoma (contain 1-alpha-hydroxylase)

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25
Q

Cushing syndrome (paraneoplastic ACTH elevation)

A

Small cell lung cancer

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26
Q

Hyponatremia (paraneoplastic ADH elevation)

A

Small cell lung cancer

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27
Q

Subacute cerebellar degeneration

A

Anti-Hu/Yo/Tr antibodies against Purkinje cells of cerebellum - Small cell lung cancer, gynecologic/breast cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma

28
Q

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

Fibroadenoma

29
Q

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often in tuberous sclerosis

30
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial) - both sides of valve

31
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in L. atrium; “ball and valve”)

32
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

33
Q

Chronic arrythmia

A

A. Fib. (emboli risk)

34
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

35
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

36
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

37
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly (most common)

A

VSD

38
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

39
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

40
Q

From most to least common: Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>circumflex

41
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

42
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

43
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

44
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

45
Q

Cushing syndrome

A
  1. Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid Rx)
  2. Adrenocortical adenoma (excess cortisol)
  3. ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
  4. Paraneoplastic (Small cell lung cancer - other tumors secreting ACTH)
46
Q

Cyanosis (early/congenital; less common than late)

A

Tetrology of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

47
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

48
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications (amniotic embolism, etc.), cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, Acute promyelocytic leukemia

49
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (Dx by barium swallow) - false diverticulum

50
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

51
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

52
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. Aureus, B. Cereus

53
Q

Gastric cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

54
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

55
Q

Gynecological malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

56
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

MVP

57
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever); tricuspid (IV drugs)

58
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

59
Q

Hematoma-epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

60
Q

Hematoma-subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

61
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can lead to HF, “bronze diabetes”, and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

62
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with Hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

63
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

64
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

65
Q

HLA-B27

A

Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (aka Reiter syndrome)

66
Q

HLA-DR3

A

DM type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thryroiditis, Addison disease

67
Q

HLA-DR4

A

DM type 1, RA, Addison disease

Rapid Review (6 decks)

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