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Rapid Review > Classic Lab Findings > Flashcards

Classic Lab Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Elevated AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (NTDs)

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2
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Limited scleroderma - CREST Syndrome: Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophogeal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia

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3
Q

Antidesmoglein (antidesmosome) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering w/ +Nikolsky)

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4
Q

Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (e.g. hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity, involving -MCP, PIP, and wrist) Note: OA is DIP (heberden nodes), PIP (bouchard nodes, and 1st carpometacarpal, but no metacarpophalangeal)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1° Biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and Eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (aka Churg-Strauss syndrome - MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA) Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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9
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (Type 3 hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (antibodies against GpIIb/IIIa receptor on platelets)

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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13
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually L-sided)

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14
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase w/ + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type) - made of

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16
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A) Resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)

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17
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies (after splenectomy or non-fxnal spleen)

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

“Boot shaped” heart on Xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

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22
Q

Branching gram + rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces isralii

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

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24
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (hemosiderin deposition from hemorrhage gives brown color)

25
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

26
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

27
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

28
Q

Chromogranin immunohistochemical stain

A

Neuroendocrine cell tumor (e.g. Carcinoid tumors)

29
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

30
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation of CFTR gene –> fat soluble vitamin deficiencies/mucus plugs)

31
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18), other chromosomal abnormalities

32
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns as well as lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts)

33
Q

“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, SVT

Due to bundle of ???

A

WPW syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

34
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

35
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

36
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

37
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

38
Q

Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

Pericardial tamponade

39
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

40
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

41
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

42
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neurons

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)

43
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis

44
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

45
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

46
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominant inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

47
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

48
Q

“Hair on end” or “crew cut” appearance on X ray

A

ß-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

49
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hyatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

50
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

51
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

52
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

53
Q

High levels of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

54
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung (may be calcified)

A

Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

55
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on Xray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

56
Q

Hypercoagulability (resulting in migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

57
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

58
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

1° Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

Rapid Review (6 decks)

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