Classic Lab Findings Flashcards
Elevated AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (NTDs)
Anticentromere antibodies
Limited scleroderma - CREST Syndrome: Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophogeal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia
Antidesmoglein (antidesmosome) antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering w/ +Nikolsky)
Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Antihistone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE (e.g. hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity, involving -MCP, PIP, and wrist) Note: OA is DIP (heberden nodes), PIP (bouchard nodes, and 1st carpometacarpal, but no metacarpophalangeal)
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
1° Biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Microscopic polyangiitis and Eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (aka Churg-Strauss syndrome - MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA) Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (Type 3 hypersensitivity)
Antiplatelet antibodies
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (antibodies against GpIIb/IIIa receptor on platelets)
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray
Colorectal cancer (usually L-sided)
Atypical lymphocytes
EBV
Azurophilic peroxidase w/ + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type) - made of
Bacitracin response
Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A) Resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly Bodies (after splenectomy or non-fxnal spleen)
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
“Boot shaped” heart on Xray
Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
Branching gram + rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces isralii
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
“Brown” tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (hemosiderin deposition from hemorrhage gives brown color)
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
“Chocolate cyst” of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
Chromogranin immunohistochemical stain
Neuroendocrine cell tumor (e.g. Carcinoid tumors)
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation of CFTR gene –> fat soluble vitamin deficiencies/mucus plugs)
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18), other chromosomal abnormalities
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns as well as lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts)
“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, SVT
Due to bundle of ???
WPW syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
Pericardial tamponade
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
“Owl eye” appearance of CMV
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing
“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neurons
Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominant inclusions (“owl’s eye”)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
“Hair on end” or “crew cut” appearance on X ray
ß-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hyatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
High levels of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung (may be calcified)
Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
“Honeycomb lung” on Xray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Hypercoagulability (resulting in migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
1° Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
