Key associations Flashcards
Ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
Primary liver cancer
HCC (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin def’y)
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of lung
Acute gastric ulcer associated wtih severe burns
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Bacterial meningitis in kids
Strep pneumo
Neisseria meningitidis
Site of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > Coronary artery > Popliteal artery > Carotid artery
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Acute gastric ulcer assoc w/CNS injury
Cushing ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Nephrotic syndrome - kids
MCD
Infections in CGD
Staph aureus, E Coli, Aspergillus (Catalase +)
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affects both sides of mitral valve)
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
Brain tumors - adults
Supratentorial: mets>astrocytoma (including GBM)>meningioma>schwannoma
Brain tumors - kids
Infratentorial: Medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: Cranopharyngioma
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US)
Cervical carcinoma (most common world wide)
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease
Malignancy - kids
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
Cushing syndrome
- Iatrogenic cushing (from steroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Nephrotic syndrome - Adults
FSGS
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
Congenital heart murmur
MVP
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Mets to bone
Prostate, breast> Lung > Thyroid
Food poisoning - exotoxin
S. aureus, B. cereus
Type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
Pulmonary HTN
COPD
Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in plt adhesion to vWF)
Pateint with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: Child
CLL: Adult >60
AML: Adult ~65
CML: Adult 30-60
CAH with hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Renal tumor
RCC: Associated with VHL and cigarettes
Paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
S3
Increased ventricular filling
(L-R shunt, MR, LV failure)
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Osteomyelitis w/IVDU
Pseudomonas, S aureus
Arch of aorta aneurysm
Tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction
Cardiac tumor - adults
Mets, Primary myxoma (ball and valve, LA>RA)
Rhabdomyoma
Tuberous sclerosis
HLA-DR3 or DR4
DM Type 1
RA
SLE
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E coli, Pseudomonas
Mets to liver
Colon >> Stomach, pancreas
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
S4
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (AS, Restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
Esophageal cancer
SCC - worldwide
Adeno - US
Mets to brain
Lung > Breast > GU > Melanoma > GI
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
Actinic keratosis
Precursor to SCC
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral> Aortic (rheumatic fever)
Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, TR, MR
Ejection click
Aortic/Pulmonic stenosis
Kidney stones
Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms like proteus and staph)
Uric acid = radiolucent
Death in CML
Blast crisis
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
Pituitary tumor
Prolactioma
Somatotrophic acidophilic adenoma
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
Autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
RHF due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world)
SLE (developed world)
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Ascending aorta aneurysm
Marfan (cystic medial degeneration)
Cardiac primary tumor in kids
Rhabdomyoma
Often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Philadelphia chromosome
t(9;22) bcr-abl
CML
Secondary hypertension
Renal disease
UTI
E Coli
Staph saprophyticus
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
Mixed UMN and LMN motor neuron disease
ALS