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Step 1 Classic Presentations > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

precursor to SCC

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer

inc intracranial pressure stim vagal gastric secretion

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3
Q

alternating areas of xsmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions = Crohn disease

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4
Q

aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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5
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

atherosclerosis

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6
Q

aortic aneurysm, arch

A

tertiary syphilis

vasa vasorum destruction

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome

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8
Q

atrophy of mammillary bodies

A 
Wernicke encephalopathy
(thiamine def causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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9
Q

autosplenectomy

A

Sickle cell

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10
Q

bacterial meningitis in adults and elderly

A

S. pneumoniae

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11
Q

bacterial meningitis in newborns and kids

A

Group B strep
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis (kids)

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12
Q

benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus

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13
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb def

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

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14
Q

brain tumors in adults

A

Supratentorial

metast > astrocytoma > meningioma > schwannoma

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15
Q

brain tumors in kids

A 
Infratentorial = medulloblastoma
Supra = craniopharyngioma
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16
Q

breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal Ca

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17
Q

beast mass

A

fibrocystic change

Ca (in post meno women)

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18
Q

benign breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

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19
Q

cardiac primary tumor in kids

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

often seen with tuberous sclerosis

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20
Q

cardiac manifestation of SLE

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

nonbacterial; affects both sides of mitral valve

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21
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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22
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

A-fib

high risk of emboli

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23
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric Ca

can also cause pernicious anemia

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24
Q

clear cell adenoCa of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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25
Q

compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis

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26
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotn

A

21-hydroxylase def

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27
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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28
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

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29
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (3rd world)

SLE (our world)

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30
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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31
Q

Cretinism

A

iodine def / hypothyroidism

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32
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

iatrogenic cushing
adrenocortical adenoma
ACTH-secreting putiutary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing

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33
Q

Cyanosis (early)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
xsposition of great vessels
truncus arteriosus

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34
Q

Cyanosis (late)

A

VSD
ASD
PDA

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35
Q

Death in CML

A

blast crisis

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36
Q

Death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

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37
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer disease

multiple infarcts

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38
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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39
Q

DIC

A 
severe sepsis
obstetric complications
cancer
burns
trauma
major surgery
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40
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

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41
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

zenker diverticulum

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42
Q

Ejection click

A

aortic/pulmonary stenosis

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43
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

SCC (world)

AdenoCa (U.S.)

44
Q

Food poisoning (toxin mediated)

A

S. aureus

B. cereus

45
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

46
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A 
endometrial Ca (US)
cervical Ca (world)
47
Q

Heart murmur; congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

48
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral > aortic (rheumatic)

tricuspid (IVDU)

49
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobium vermicularis

Ascaris lumbricoides

50
Q

Hematoma - subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

51
Q

Hematoma - epidural

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

52
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood xsfusions or hereditary HFE mutation

53
Q

Hepatocellular Ca

A

cirrhotic liver (HBV, HCV, alcoholism)

54
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

55
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome

56
Q

HLA-B27

A

seronegative arthropathies

57
Q

HLA-DR3 OR DR4

A

DMI, RA, SLE

58
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD
Tricuspid regurg
mitral regurg

59
Q

hypercoagulability
endothelial damage
blood stasis

A

Virchow triad ā€“> venous thrombosis

60
Q

secondary HTN

A

renal disease

61
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

62
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma

63
Q

infection secondary to blood xsfusion

A

S. aureus
E. coli
Aspergillus

64
Q

Intellecutal disability

A

Down syndrome

Fragile x

65
Q

Kidney stones

A

Ca++ = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (urease + organ)
Uric acid = radiolucent

66
Q

late cyanotic shunt

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

67
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

68
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

69
Q

male cancer

A

Prostatic Ca

70
Q

malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

71
Q

malignancy (kids)

A

ALL

medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

72
Q

metastases to bone

A

prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

73
Q

metastases to brain

A

lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI

74
Q

metastases to liver

A

colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

75
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

76
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

ALS

77
Q

myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

78
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

79
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change disease

80
Q

neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

81
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella
E. coli
Psuedomonal aeruginosa

82
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

83
Q

Opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

84
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

85
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

86
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell

A

Salmonella

87
Q

Osteomyelitis with IVDU

A

Pseudomonas

S. aureus

88
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

89
Q

Ovarian tumor (malig)

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

90
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

gallstones

alcohol

91
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

alcohol (adults)

CF (kids)

92
Q

Patient with blood malig

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult >60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 30-60

93
Q

PID

A

Chlamydia and gonorrhea

94
Q

t(9;22)

A

CML

95
Q

pituitary tumor

A

prolactinoma

somatotropic acidophilic adenoma

96
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome

97
Q

primary bone tumor in adults

A

multiple myeloma

98
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

99
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenomas
hyperplasia
carcinoma

100
Q

primary liver cancer

A

hepatocellular cA

101
Q

pulmonary HTN

A

COPD

102
Q

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease

103
Q

renal tumor

A

Renal cell Ca: assoc with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

104
Q

right heart failure due to pulmonary cause

A

cor pulmonale

105
Q

S3

A

protodiastolic gallop

inc ventricular filling (Lā€“>R shunt; mitral regurgitation; LV failure)

106
Q

S4

A

presystolic gallop

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Step 1 Classic Presentations (3 decks)

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