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Step 1 Classic Presentations > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

precursor to SCC

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer

inc intracranial pressure stim vagal gastric secretion

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3
Q

alternating areas of xsmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions = Crohn disease

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4
Q

aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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5
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

atherosclerosis

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6
Q

aortic aneurysm, arch

A

tertiary syphilis

vasa vasorum destruction

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome

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8
Q

atrophy of mammillary bodies

A 
Wernicke encephalopathy
(thiamine def causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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9
Q

autosplenectomy

A

Sickle cell

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10
Q

bacterial meningitis in adults and elderly

A

S. pneumoniae

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11
Q

bacterial meningitis in newborns and kids

A

Group B strep
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis (kids)

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12
Q

benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus

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13
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb def

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

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14
Q

brain tumors in adults

A

Supratentorial

metast > astrocytoma > meningioma > schwannoma

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15
Q

brain tumors in kids

A 
Infratentorial = medulloblastoma
Supra = craniopharyngioma
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16
Q

breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal Ca

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17
Q

beast mass

A

fibrocystic change

Ca (in post meno women)

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18
Q

benign breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

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19
Q

cardiac primary tumor in kids

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

often seen with tuberous sclerosis

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20
Q

cardiac manifestation of SLE

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

nonbacterial; affects both sides of mitral valve

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21
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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22
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

A-fib

high risk of emboli

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23
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric Ca

can also cause pernicious anemia

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24
Q

clear cell adenoCa of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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25
compression fracture
Osteoporosis
26
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotn
21-hydroxylase def
27
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
28
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
29
constrictive pericarditis
TB (3rd world) | SLE (our world)
30
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
31
Cretinism
iodine def / hypothyroidism
32
Cushing Syndrome
iatrogenic cushing adrenocortical adenoma ACTH-secreting putiutary adenoma Paraneoplastic Cushing
33
Cyanosis (early)
Tetralogy of Fallot xsposition of great vessels truncus arteriosus
34
Cyanosis (late)
VSD ASD PDA
35
Death in CML
blast crisis
36
Death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
37
Dementia
Alzheimer disease | multiple infarcts
38
Demyelinating disease in young women
MS
39
DIC
``` severe sepsis obstetric complications cancer burns trauma major surgery ```
40
Dietary deficit
Iron
41
Diverticulum in pharynx
zenker diverticulum
42
Ejection click
aortic/pulmonary stenosis
43
Esophageal cancer
SCC (world) | AdenoCa (U.S.)
44
Food poisoning (toxin mediated)
S. aureus | B. cereus
45
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
46
Gynecologic malignancy
``` endometrial Ca (US) cervical Ca (world) ```
47
Heart murmur; congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
48
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral > aortic (rheumatic) | tricuspid (IVDU)
49
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobium vermicularis | Ascaris lumbricoides
50
Hematoma - subdural
rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
51
Hematoma - epidural
rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
52
Hemochromatosis
multiple blood xsfusions or hereditary HFE mutation
53
Hepatocellular Ca
cirrhotic liver (HBV, HCV, alcoholism)
54
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
55
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome
56
HLA-B27
seronegative arthropathies
57
HLA-DR3 OR DR4
DMI, RA, SLE
58
Holosystolic murmur
VSD Tricuspid regurg mitral regurg
59
hypercoagulability endothelial damage blood stasis
Virchow triad --> venous thrombosis
60
secondary HTN
renal disease
61
Hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thyroidectomy
62
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma
63
infection secondary to blood xsfusion
S. aureus E. coli Aspergillus
64
Intellecutal disability
Down syndrome | Fragile x
65
Kidney stones
Ca++ = radiopaque Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (urease + organ) Uric acid = radiolucent
66
late cyanotic shunt
Eisenmenger syndrome
67
liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
68
lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
69
male cancer
Prostatic Ca
70
malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
71
malignancy (kids)
ALL | medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
72
metastases to bone
prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
73
metastases to brain
lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
74
metastases to liver
colon >> stomach, pancreas
75
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
76
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
77
myocarditis
Coxsackie B
78
nephrotic syndrome (adults)
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
79
nephrotic syndrome (kids)
minimal change disease
80
neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
81
nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella E. coli Psuedomonal aeruginosa
82
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
83
Opening snap
mitral stenosis
84
opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis pneumonia
85
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
86
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Salmonella
87
Osteomyelitis with IVDU
Pseudomonas | S. aureus
88
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
89
Ovarian tumor (malig)
serous cystadenocarcinoma
90
Pancreatitis (acute)
gallstones | alcohol
91
Pancreatitis (chronic)
alcohol (adults) | CF (kids)
92
Patient with blood malig
ALL: child CLL: adult >60 AML: adult ~65 CML: adult 30-60
93
PID
Chlamydia and gonorrhea
94
t(9;22)
CML
95
pituitary tumor
prolactinoma | somatotropic acidophilic adenoma
96
primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome
97
primary bone tumor in adults
multiple myeloma
98
primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma of adrenal cortex
99
primary hyperparathyroidism
adenomas hyperplasia carcinoma
100
primary liver cancer
hepatocellular cA
101
pulmonary HTN
COPD
102
recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease
103
renal tumor
Renal cell Ca: assoc with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
104
right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
cor pulmonale
105
S3
protodiastolic gallop | inc ventricular filling (L-->R shunt; mitral regurgitation; LV failure)
106
S4
presystolic gallop | stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

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