Key Associations 2

Question 1

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)?

Answer 1

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Question 2

Cardiac manifestation of lupus?

Answer 2

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

Question 3

Cardiac tumor (adults)?

Answer 3

Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)

Question 4

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation?

Answer 4

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

Question 5

Chronic arrythmia?

Answer 5

Atrial fibrillation (assoc with high risk of emboli)

Question 6

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)?

Answer 6

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Question 7

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina?

Answer 7

DES exposure in utero

Question 8

Compression fracture?

Answer 8

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausla; type II: elderly man or woman)

Question 9

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension?

Answer 9

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 10

Congenital cardiac anomaly?

Answer 10

VSD

Question 11

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)?

Answer 11

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Question 12

Constrictive pericarditis?

Answer 12

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

Question 13

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis?

Answer 13

LAD > RCA > LCA

Question 14

Cretinism?

Answer 14

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Question 15

Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 15

Iatrogenic Cushing’s (from corticosteroid therapy); adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol); ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma; paraneoplastic Cushing’s (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Question 16

Cyanosis (early; less common)?

Answer 16

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Question 17

Cyanosis (late; more common)?

Answer 17

VSD, ASD, PDA

Question 18

Death in CML?

Answer 18

Blast crisis

Question 19

Death in SLE?

Answer 19

Lupus nephropathy

Question 20

Dementia?

Answer 20

Alzheimer’s, multiple infarcts